我有这样的代码,但我认为意图是明确的:

testmakeshared.cpp

#include <memory>

class A {
 public:
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>();
   }

 protected:
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}

但是当我编译它时,我得到了这个错误:

g++ -std=c++0x -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -Wall testmakeshared.cpp
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:52:0,
                 from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/memory:86,
                 from testmakeshared.cpp:1:
testmakeshared.cpp: In constructor ‘std::_Sp_counted_ptr_inplace<_Tp, _Alloc, _Lp>::_Sp_counted_ptr_inplace(_Alloc) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:518:8:   instantiated from ‘std::__shared_count<_Lp>::__shared_count(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, _Tp*, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:986:35:   instantiated from ‘std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>::__shared_ptr(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, _Tp = A, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:313:64:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp>::shared_ptr(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, _Tp = A]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:531:39:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp> std::allocate_shared(const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:547:42:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp1> std::make_shared(_Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Args = {}]’
testmakeshared.cpp:6:40:   instantiated from here
testmakeshared.cpp:10:8: error: ‘A::A()’ is protected
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:400:2: error: within this context

Compilation exited abnormally with code 1 at Tue Nov 15 07:32:58

这条消息基本上是在说模板实例化堆栈中::std::make_shared中的一些随机方法不能访问构造函数,因为它是受保护的。

但我真的想使用::std::make_shared和防止任何人创建这个类的对象不是由a::std::shared_ptr指向的。有什么办法可以做到吗?


当前回答

[编辑]我阅读了上面提到的标准化std::shared_ptr_access<>提案的线程。其中有一个响应,指出了对std::allocate_shared<>的修复以及它的使用示例。我已经将其调整为下面的工厂模板,并在gcc c++ 11/14/17下测试了它。它与std::enable_shared_from_this<>一起工作,所以显然比我在这个答案中的原始解决方案更可取。在这儿……

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class Factory final {
public:
    template<typename T, typename... A>
    static std::shared_ptr<T> make_shared(A&&... args) {
        return std::allocate_shared<T>(Alloc<T>(), std::forward<A>(args)...);
    }
private:
    template<typename T>
    struct Alloc : std::allocator<T> {
        template<typename U, typename... A>
        void construct(U* ptr, A&&... args) {
            new(ptr) U(std::forward<A>(args)...);
        }
        template<typename U>
        void destroy(U* ptr) {
            ptr->~U();
        }
    };  
};

class X final : public std::enable_shared_from_this<X> {
    friend class Factory;
private:
    X()      { std::cout << "X() addr=" << this << "\n"; }
    X(int i) { std::cout << "X(int) addr=" << this << " i=" << i << "\n"; }
    ~X()     { std::cout << "~X()\n"; }
};

int main() {
    auto p1 = Factory::make_shared<X>(42);
    auto p2 = p1->shared_from_this();
    std::cout << "p1=" << p1 << "\n"
              << "p2=" << p2 << "\n"
              << "count=" << p1.use_count() << "\n";
}

[Orig]我发现了一个解决方案使用共享指针别名构造函数。它允许ctor和dtor都是私有的,以及final说明符的使用。

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class Factory final {
public:
    template<typename T, typename... A>
    static std::shared_ptr<T> make_shared(A&&... args) {
        auto ptr = std::make_shared<Type<T>>(std::forward<A>(args)...);
        return std::shared_ptr<T>(ptr, &ptr->type);
    }
private:
    template<typename T>
    struct Type final {
        template<typename... A>
        Type(A&&... args) : type(std::forward<A>(args)...) { std::cout << "Type(...) addr=" << this << "\n"; }
        ~Type() { std::cout << "~Type()\n"; }
        T type;
    };
};

class X final {
    friend struct Factory::Type<X>;  // factory access
private:
    X()      { std::cout << "X() addr=" << this << "\n"; }
    X(int i) { std::cout << "X(...) addr=" << this << " i=" << i << "\n"; }
    ~X()     { std::cout << "~X()\n"; }
};

int main() {
    auto ptr1 = Factory::make_shared<X>();
    auto ptr2 = Factory::make_shared<X>(42);
}

注意,上面的方法不适用于std::enable_shared_from_this<>,因为初始std::shared_ptr<>是针对包装器的,而不是针对类型本身的。我们可以用一个与工厂兼容的等价类来解决这个问题……

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

template<typename T>
class EnableShared {
    friend class Factory;  // factory access
public:
    std::shared_ptr<T> shared_from_this() { return weak.lock(); }
protected:
    EnableShared() = default;
    virtual ~EnableShared() = default;
    EnableShared<T>& operator=(const EnableShared<T>&) { return *this; }  // no slicing
private:
    std::weak_ptr<T> weak;
};

class Factory final {
public:
    template<typename T, typename... A>
    static std::shared_ptr<T> make_shared(A&&... args) {
        auto ptr = std::make_shared<Type<T>>(std::forward<A>(args)...);
        auto alt = std::shared_ptr<T>(ptr, &ptr->type);
        assign(std::is_base_of<EnableShared<T>, T>(), alt);
        return alt;
    }
private:
    template<typename T>
    struct Type final {
        template<typename... A>
        Type(A&&... args) : type(std::forward<A>(args)...) { std::cout << "Type(...) addr=" << this << "\n"; }
        ~Type() { std::cout << "~Type()\n"; }
        T type;
    };
    template<typename T>
    static void assign(std::true_type, const std::shared_ptr<T>& ptr) {
        ptr->weak = ptr;
    }
    template<typename T>
    static void assign(std::false_type, const std::shared_ptr<T>&) {}
};

class X final : public EnableShared<X> {
    friend struct Factory::Type<X>;  // factory access
private:
    X()      { std::cout << "X() addr=" << this << "\n"; }
    X(int i) { std::cout << "X(...) addr=" << this << " i=" << i << "\n"; }
    ~X()     { std::cout << "~X()\n"; }
};

int main() {
    auto ptr1 = Factory::make_shared<X>();
    auto ptr2 = ptr1->shared_from_this();
    std::cout << "ptr1=" << ptr1.get() << "\nptr2=" << ptr2.get() << "\n";
}

最后,有人说clang抱怨Factory::Type在作为朋友使用时是私有的,所以如果是这种情况,就把它设为公共。暴露它没有坏处。

其他回答

这个怎么样?

static std::shared_ptr<A> create()
{
    std::shared_ptr<A> pA(new A());
    return pA;
}

这里有一个简单的解决方案:

#include <memory>

class A {
   public:
     static shared_ptr<A> Create();

   private:
     A() {}

     struct MakeSharedEnabler;   
 };

struct A::MakeSharedEnabler : public A {
    MakeSharedEnabler() : A() {
    }
};

shared_ptr<A> A::Create() {
    return make_shared<MakeSharedEnabler>();
}

我遇到了同样的问题,但现有的答案都不令人满意,因为我需要将参数传递给受保护的构造函数。此外,我需要为几个类这样做,每个类采用不同的参数。

为了达到这个效果,并基于几个使用类似方法的现有答案,我提出了这个小块:

template < typename Object, typename... Args >
inline std::shared_ptr< Object >
protected_make_shared( Args&&... args )
{
  struct helper : public Object
  {
    helper( Args&&... args )
      : Object{ std::forward< Args >( args )... }
    {}
  };

  return std::make_shared< helper >( std::forward< Args >( args )... );
}

如果可能的话,你可以创建一个公共移动构造函数,如下所示:

class A {
 public:
   A(A&&) = default;
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>(std::move<A>(A{}));
   }

 protected:
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}

理想情况下,我认为完美的解决方案是需要添加到c++标准中。Andrew Schepler提出以下建议:

(点击这里查看整篇文章)

我们可以借用boost::iterator_core_access中的思想。我建议 一个新类std::shared_ptr_access,没有public或 受保护的成员,并指定为 Std::make_shared(args…)和Std::alloc_shared(a, args… 表达式::new(pv) T(forward(args)…)和ptr->~T()必须为 在std::shared_ptr_access上下文中格式良好。 std::shared_ptr_access的实现可能如下所示:

namespace std {
    class shared_ptr_access
    {
        template <typename _T, typename ... _Args>
        static _T* __construct(void* __pv, _Args&& ... __args)
        { return ::new(__pv) _T(forward<_Args>(__args)...); }

        template <typename _T>
        static void __destroy(_T* __ptr) { __ptr->~_T(); }

        template <typename _T, typename _A>
        friend class __shared_ptr_storage;
    };
}

使用

如果/当将上述内容添加到标准中,我们将简单地做到:

class A {
public:
   static std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return std::make_shared<A>();
   }

 protected:
   friend class std::shared_ptr_access;
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

如果这听起来也是对标准的重要补充,请随时将您的2美分添加到链接的isocpp谷歌组中。