在Python中,是否有一种方法可以通过ICMP来ping服务器,如果服务器响应则返回TRUE,如果没有响应则返回FALSE ?


当前回答

此函数适用于任何操作系统(Unix、Linux、macOS和Windows) Python 2和Python 3

编辑: @radato os。System被subprocess.call取代。这避免了在没有验证主机名字符串的情况下shell注入漏洞。

import platform    # For getting the operating system name
import subprocess  # For executing a shell command

def ping(host):
    """
    Returns True if host (str) responds to a ping request.
    Remember that a host may not respond to a ping (ICMP) request even if the host name is valid.
    """

    # Option for the number of packets as a function of
    param = '-n' if platform.system().lower()=='windows' else '-c'

    # Building the command. Ex: "ping -c 1 google.com"
    command = ['ping', param, '1', host]

    return subprocess.call(command) == 0

注意,根据Windows上的@ikrase,如果你得到一个目标主机不可达错误,这个函数仍然会返回True。

解释

该命令在Windows和类unix系统中都是ping。 选项-n (Windows)或-c (Unix)控制包的数量,在本例中设置为1。

platform.system()返回平台名称。前女友。macOS上的“达尔文”。 Subprocess.call()执行一个系统调用。例如subprocess.call ([' ls ', ' - l '])。

其他回答

看起来很简单,但却让我头疼。我一直得到“icmp打开套接字操作不允许”,否则解决方案将挂起,如果服务器离线。然而,如果你想知道的是服务器是活的,并且你在该服务器上运行一个web服务器,那么curl将完成这项工作。如果您有ssh和证书,那么ssh和一个简单的命令就足够了。代码如下:

from easyprocess import EasyProcess # as root: pip install EasyProcess
def ping(ip):
    ping="ssh %s date;exit"%(ip) # test ssh alive or
    ping="curl -IL %s"%(ip)      # test if http alive
    response=len(EasyProcess(ping).call(timeout=2).stdout)
    return response #integer 0 if no response in 2 seconds
  1 #!/usr/bin/python
  2
  3 import os
  4 import sys
  5 import time
  6
  7 os.system("clear")
  8 home_network = "172.16.23."
  9 mine = []
 10
 11 for i in range(1, 256):
 12         z =  home_network + str(i)
 13         result = os.system("ping -c 1 "+ str(z))
 14         os.system("clear")
 15         if result == 0:
 16                 mine.append(z)
 17
 18 for j in mine:
 19         print "host ", j ," is up"

一个简单的我只是在一分钟内煮出来的..使用icmplib需要根privs下面的工作非常好! HTH

我在类似的情况下找到了这个问题。我尝试了pyping,但Naveen给出的例子在Python 2.7下的Windows中对我不起作用。

一个对我有用的例子是:

import pyping

response = pyping.send('Your IP')

if response['ret_code'] == 0:
    print("reachable")
else:
    print("unreachable")

我需要一个更快的ping扫描,我不想使用任何外部库,所以我决定使用内置的asyncio来实现并发。

此代码需要python 3.7+,仅在Linux上制作和测试。它不能在Windows上工作,但我相信你可以很容易地将其更改为在Windows上工作。

我不是asyncio方面的专家,但我使用了这篇很棒的文章,用并发性加速你的Python程序,我想出了这些代码行。我试图使它尽可能简单,所以很可能您需要添加更多的代码来满足您的需求。

它不会返回true或false,我认为让它打印响应ping请求的IP会更方便。我认为这是相当快的,在近10秒内ping 255个ip。

#!/usr/bin/python3

import asyncio

async def ping(host):
    """
    Prints the hosts that respond to ping request
    """
    ping_process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell("ping -c 1 " + host + " > /dev/null 2>&1")
    await ping_process.wait()

    if ping_process.returncode == 0:
        print(host)
    return 


async def ping_all():
    tasks = []

    for i in range(1,255):
        ip = "192.168.1.{}".format(i)
        task = asyncio.ensure_future(ping(ip))
        tasks.append(task)

    await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions = True)

asyncio.run(ping_all())

样例输出:

192.168.1.1
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.106
192.168.1.6

请注意,IP不是按顺序排列的,因为IP在它响应时就会打印出来,所以先响应的就会先打印出来。

我的版本的ping函数:

适用于Python 3.5及更高版本,适用于Windows和Linux。 在Windows上,如果ping命令失败且“目标主机不可达”,则返回False。 并且不显示任何输出,无论是弹出窗口还是命令行。

import platform, subprocess

def ping(host_or_ip, packets=1, timeout=1000):
    ''' Calls system "ping" command, returns True if ping succeeds.
    Required parameter: host_or_ip (str, address of host to ping)
    Optional parameters: packets (int, number of retries), timeout (int, ms to wait for response)
    Does not show any output, either as popup window or in command line.
    Python 3.5+, Windows and Linux compatible
    '''
    # The ping command is the same for Windows and Linux, except for the "number of packets" flag.
    if platform.system().lower() == 'windows':
        command = ['ping', '-n', str(packets), '-w', str(timeout), host_or_ip]
        # run parameters: capture output, discard error messages, do not show window
        result = subprocess.run(command, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, creationflags=0x08000000)
        # 0x0800000 is a windows-only Popen flag to specify that a new process will not create a window.
        # On Python 3.7+, you can use a subprocess constant:
        #   result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW)
        # On windows 7+, ping returns 0 (ok) when host is not reachable; to be sure host is responding,
        # we search the text "TTL=" on the command output. If it's there, the ping really had a response.
        return result.returncode == 0 and b'TTL=' in result.stdout
    else:
        command = ['ping', '-c', str(packets), '-w', str(timeout), host_or_ip]
        # run parameters: discard output and error messages
        result = subprocess.run(command, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        return result.returncode == 0

你想怎么用就怎么用。