这里有两行，只需在第2行中更改“hello”:

PS C:\> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Web")
PS C:\> [System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication]::HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile("hello", "MD5")

这将返回远程计算机上文件的MD5哈希值:

Invoke-Command -ComputerName RemoteComputerName -ScriptBlock {
    $fullPath = Resolve-Path 'c:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe'
    $md5 = new-object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
    $file = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($fullPath)
    $hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($file))
    $hash -replace "-", ""
    $file.Dispose()
}

下面是我使用的处理相对路径和绝对路径的函数:

function md5hash($path)
{
    $fullPath = Resolve-Path $path
    $md5 = new-object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
    $file = [System.IO.File]::Open($fullPath,[System.IO.Filemode]::Open, [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)
    try {
        [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($file))
    } finally {
        $file.Dispose()
    }
}

感谢@davor上面建议使用Open()而不是ReadAllBytes()，并感谢@jpmc26建议使用finally块。

下面是我用来获取给定字符串的MD5的代码片段:

$text = "text goes here..."
$md5  = [Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider]::new()
$utf8 = [Text.UTF8Encoding]::UTF8
$bytes= $md5.ComputeHash($utf8.GetBytes($text))
$hash = [string]::Concat($bytes.foreach{$_.ToString("x2")}) 

PowerShell One-Liners(字符串到散列)

MD5

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA1

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA256

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA384

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA384CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA512

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA512CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

(
    [System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider]::new().ComputeHash(
        [System.Text.UTF8Encoding]::new().GetBytes($yourText)
    ) `
    | %{ [Convert]::ToString($_, 16) }
) -join ''

$yourText = 'hello'输出5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592