网上有很多使用ComputeHash()的例子。我的测试显示，在网络连接上运行时速度非常慢。下面的片段对我来说运行得更快，但你的里程可能会有所不同:

$md5 = [System.Security.Cryptography.MD5]::Create("MD5")
$fd = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($file)
$buf = New-Object byte[] (1024*1024*8) # 8 MB buffer
while (($read_len = $fd.Read($buf,0,$buf.length)) -eq $buf.length){
    $total += $buf.length
    $md5.TransformBlock($buf,$offset,$buf.length,$buf,$offset)
    Write-Progress -Activity "Hashing File" `
       -Status $file -percentComplete ($total/$fd.length * 100)
}

# Finalize the last read
$md5.TransformFinalBlock($buf, 0, $read_len)
$hash = $md5.Hash

# Convert hash bytes to a hexadecimal formatted string
$hash | foreach { $hash_txt += $_.ToString("x2") }
Write-Host $hash_txt

从PowerShell版本4开始，使用Get-FileHash cmdlet可以很容易地实现文件的开箱即用:

Get-FileHash <filepath> -Algorithm MD5

这当然是更可取的，因为它避免了注释中指出的旧PowerShell解决方案所提供的问题(使用流，关闭它，并支持大文件)。

如果内容是字符串:

$someString = "Hello, World!"
$md5 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
$utf8 = New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding
$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($utf8.GetBytes($someString)))

对于较旧的PowerShell版本

如果内容为文件:

$someFilePath = "C:\foo.txt"
$md5 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($someFilePath)))

这里有两行，只需在第2行中更改“hello”:

PS C:\> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Web")
PS C:\> [System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication]::HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile("hello", "MD5")

网上有很多使用ComputeHash()的例子。我的测试显示，在网络连接上运行时速度非常慢。下面的片段对我来说运行得更快，但你的里程可能会有所不同:

$md5 = [System.Security.Cryptography.MD5]::Create("MD5")
$fd = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($file)
$buf = New-Object byte[] (1024*1024*8) # 8 MB buffer
while (($read_len = $fd.Read($buf,0,$buf.length)) -eq $buf.length){
    $total += $buf.length
    $md5.TransformBlock($buf,$offset,$buf.length,$buf,$offset)
    Write-Progress -Activity "Hashing File" `
       -Status $file -percentComplete ($total/$fd.length * 100)
}

# Finalize the last read
$md5.TransformFinalBlock($buf, 0, $read_len)
$hash = $md5.Hash

# Convert hash bytes to a hexadecimal formatted string
$hash | foreach { $hash_txt += $_.ToString("x2") }
Write-Host $hash_txt

正如已接受的答案中所述，Get-FileHash很容易用于文件，但也可以用于字符串:

$s = "asdf"
Get-FileHash -InputStream ([System.IO.MemoryStream]::New([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes($s)))

PowerShell One-Liners(字符串到散列)

MD5

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA1

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA256

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA384

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA384CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")

SHA512

([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA512CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")