这似乎更简洁。

pip list --outdated | cut -d ' ' -f1 | xargs -n1 pip install -U

说明：

pip-list——过时的代码行如下

urllib3 (1.7.1) - Latest: 1.15.1 [wheel]
wheel (0.24.0) - Latest: 0.29.0 [wheel]

在cut-d“”-f1中，-d“”将“空格”设置为分隔符，-f1表示获取第一列。

因此，上述行变为：

urllib3
wheel

然后将它们传递给xargs以运行命令pipinstall-U，每一行都作为附加参数

-n1将传递给每个命令pip install-U的参数数限制为1

JSON+jq答案：

pip list -o --format json | jq '.[] | .name' | xargs pip install -U

从…起https://github.com/cakebread/yolk:

$ pip install -U `yolk -U | awk '{print $1}' | uniq`

然而，你需要先得到蛋黄：

$ sudo pip install -U yolk

更稳健的解决方案

对于pip3，请使用以下命令：

pip3 freeze --local |sed -rn 's/^([^=# \t\\][^ \t=]*)=.*/echo; echo Processing \1 ...; pip3 install -U \1/p' |sh

对于pip，只需删除3s即可：

pip freeze --local |sed -rn 's/^([^=# \t\\][^ \t=]*)=.*/echo; echo Processing \1 ...; pip install -U \1/p' |sh

OS X奇数

截至2017年7月，OS X附带了一个非常旧的sed版本（已有十几年历史）。要获得扩展正则表达式，请在上面的解决方案中使用-E而不是-r。

使用流行解决方案解决问题

这个解决方案经过了精心设计和测试1，而即使是最流行的解决方案也存在问题。

由于pip命令行特性的变化而导致的可移植性问题由于常见的pip或pip3子进程故障导致xargs崩溃来自原始xargs输出的拥挤日志记录依赖Python到OS桥，同时可能升级它3

上面的命令使用最简单和最可移植的pip语法，并结合sed和sh来完全解决这些问题。sed操作的详细信息可以使用注释的版本2进行详细检查。

细节

[1] 在Linux 4.8.16-200.fc24.x86_64集群中测试并定期使用，并在其他五种Linux/Unix版本上测试。它还可以在Windows 10上安装的Cygwin64上运行。需要在iOS上进行测试。

[2] 为了更清楚地看到命令的解剖结构，这与上面的pip3命令完全等价，并带有注释：

# Match lines from pip's local package list output
# that meet the following three criteria and pass the
# package name to the replacement string in group 1.
# (a) Do not start with invalid characters
# (b) Follow the rule of no white space in the package names
# (c) Immediately follow the package name with an equal sign
sed="s/^([^=# \t\\][^ \t=]*)=.*"

# Separate the output of package upgrades with a blank line
sed="$sed/echo"

# Indicate what package is being processed
sed="$sed; echo Processing \1 ..."

# Perform the upgrade using just the valid package name
sed="$sed; pip3 install -U \1"

# Output the commands
sed="$sed/p"

# Stream edit the list as above
# and pass the commands to a shell
pip3 freeze --local | sed -rn "$sed" | sh

[3] 升级也用于升级Python或PIP组件的Python或PIP组件可能会导致死锁或包数据库损坏。

相当惊人的蛋黄使这很容易。

pip install yolk3k # Don't install `yolk`, see https://github.com/cakebread/yolk/issues/35
yolk --upgrade

有关蛋黄的更多信息：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/yolk/0.4.3

它可以做很多你可能会发现有用的事情。

以下Windows cmd代码段执行以下操作：

将pip升级到最新版本。升级所有过时的软件包。对于正在升级的每个包，检查requirements.txt中的任何版本说明符。

@echo off
Setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
rem https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2720014/

echo Upgrading pip...
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
echo.

echo Upgrading packages...
set upgrade_count=0
pip list --outdated > pip-upgrade-outdated.txt
for /F "skip=2 tokens=1,3 delims= " %%i in (pip-upgrade-outdated.txt) do (
    echo ^>%%i
    set package=%%i
    set latest=%%j
    set requirements=!package!

    rem for each outdated package check for any version requirements:
    set dotest=1
    for /F %%r in (.\python\requirements.txt) do (
        if !dotest!==1 (
            call :substr "%%r" !package! _substr
            rem check if a given line refers to a package we are about to upgrade:
            if "%%r" NEQ !_substr! (
                rem check if the line contains more than just a package name:
                if "%%r" NEQ "!package!" (
                    rem set requirements to the contents of the line:
                    echo requirements: %%r, latest: !latest!
                    set requirements=%%r
                )
                rem stop testing after the first instance found,
                rem prevents from mistakenly matching "py" with "pylint", "numpy" etc.
                rem requirements.txt must be structured with shorter names going first
                set dotest=0
            )
        )
    )
    rem pip install !requirements!
    pip install --upgrade !requirements!
    set /a "upgrade_count+=1"
    echo.
)

if !upgrade_count!==0 (
    echo All packages are up to date.
) else (
    type pip-upgrade-outdated.txt
)

if "%1" neq "-silent" (
    echo.
    set /p temp="> Press Enter to exit..."
)
exit /b


:substr
rem string substition done in a separate subroutine -
rem allows expand both variables in the substring syntax.
rem replaces str_search with an empty string.
rem returns the result in the 3rd parameter, passed by reference from the caller.
set str_source=%1
set str_search=%2
set str_result=!str_source:%str_search%=!
set "%~3=!str_result!"
rem echo !str_source!, !str_search!, !str_result!
exit /b