如果您希望升级仅由pip安装，并且避免升级由其他工具（如apt、yum等）安装的软件包，那么您可以使用我在Ubuntu上使用的脚本（可能也适用于其他发行版）-基于以下帖子：

printf "To update with pip: pip install -U"
pip list --outdated 2>/dev/null | gawk '{print $1;}' | while read; do pip show "${REPLY}" 2>/dev/null | grep 'Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages' >/dev/null; if (( $? == 0 )); then printf " ${REPLY}"; fi; done; echo

你可以试试这个：

for i in ` pip list | awk -F ' ' '{print $1}'`; do pip install --upgrade $i; done

通过拉取请求发送给pip人员；同时使用我写的这个pip库解决方案：

from pip import get_installed_distributions
from pip.commands import install

install_cmd = install.InstallCommand()

options, args = install_cmd.parse_args([package.project_name
                                        for package in
                                        get_installed_distributions()])

options.upgrade = True
install_cmd.run(options, args)  # Chuck this in a try/except and print as wanted

以下是通过pip更新所有Python 3包（在激活的virtualenv中）的代码：

import pkg_resources
from subprocess import call

for dist in pkg_resources.working_set:
    call("python3 -m pip install --upgrade " + dist.project_name, shell=True)

以下Windows cmd代码段执行以下操作：

将pip升级到最新版本。升级所有过时的软件包。对于正在升级的每个包，检查requirements.txt中的任何版本说明符。

@echo off
Setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
rem https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2720014/

echo Upgrading pip...
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
echo.

echo Upgrading packages...
set upgrade_count=0
pip list --outdated > pip-upgrade-outdated.txt
for /F "skip=2 tokens=1,3 delims= " %%i in (pip-upgrade-outdated.txt) do (
    echo ^>%%i
    set package=%%i
    set latest=%%j
    set requirements=!package!

    rem for each outdated package check for any version requirements:
    set dotest=1
    for /F %%r in (.\python\requirements.txt) do (
        if !dotest!==1 (
            call :substr "%%r" !package! _substr
            rem check if a given line refers to a package we are about to upgrade:
            if "%%r" NEQ !_substr! (
                rem check if the line contains more than just a package name:
                if "%%r" NEQ "!package!" (
                    rem set requirements to the contents of the line:
                    echo requirements: %%r, latest: !latest!
                    set requirements=%%r
                )
                rem stop testing after the first instance found,
                rem prevents from mistakenly matching "py" with "pylint", "numpy" etc.
                rem requirements.txt must be structured with shorter names going first
                set dotest=0
            )
        )
    )
    rem pip install !requirements!
    pip install --upgrade !requirements!
    set /a "upgrade_count+=1"
    echo.
)

if !upgrade_count!==0 (
    echo All packages are up to date.
) else (
    type pip-upgrade-outdated.txt
)

if "%1" neq "-silent" (
    echo.
    set /p temp="> Press Enter to exit..."
)
exit /b


:substr
rem string substition done in a separate subroutine -
rem allows expand both variables in the substring syntax.
rem replaces str_search with an empty string.
rem returns the result in the 3rd parameter, passed by reference from the caller.
set str_source=%1
set str_search=%2
set str_result=!str_source:%str_search%=!
set "%~3=!str_result!"
rem echo !str_source!, !str_search!, !str_result!
exit /b

正如这里的另一个答案所述：

pip freeze --local | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1 | xargs -n1 pip install -U

是一个可能的解决方案：这里的一些注释（包括我自己）在使用此命令时存在权限问题。对以下内容的一点改动为我解决了这些问题。

pip freeze --local | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1 | xargs -n1 sudo -H pip install -U

注意添加的sudo-H允许命令以root权限运行。