#!/usr/bin/env python

def slicegraphical(s, lista):

    if len(s) > 9:
        print """Enter a string of maximum 9 characters,
    so the printig would looki nice"""
        return 0;
    # print " ",
    print '  '+'+---' * len(s) +'+'
    print ' ',
    for letter in s:
        print '| {}'.format(letter),
    print '|'
    print " ",; print '+---' * len(s) +'+'

    print " ",
    for letter in range(len(s) +1):
        print '{}  '.format(letter),
    print ""
    for letter in range(-1*(len(s)), 0):
        print ' {}'.format(letter),
    print ''
    print ''


    for triada in lista:
        if len(triada) == 3:
            if triada[0]==None and triada[1] == None and triada[2] == None:
                # 000
                print s+'[   :   :   ]' +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] == None and triada[1] == None and triada[2] != None:
                # 001
                print s+'[   :   :{0:2d} ]'.format(triada[2], '','') +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] == None and triada[1] != None and triada[2] == None:
                # 010
                print s+'[   :{0:2d} :   ]'.format(triada[1]) +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] == None and triada[1] != None and triada[2] != None:
                # 011
                print s+'[   :{0:2d} :{1:2d} ]'.format(triada[1], triada[2]) +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] != None and triada[1] == None and triada[2] == None:
                # 100
                print s+'[{0:2d} :   :   ]'.format(triada[0]) +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] != None and triada[1] == None and triada[2] != None:
                # 101
                print s+'[{0:2d} :   :{1:2d} ]'.format(triada[0], triada[2]) +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] != None and triada[1] != None and triada[2] == None:
                # 110
                print s+'[{0:2d} :{1:2d} :   ]'.format(triada[0], triada[1]) +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]
            elif triada[0] != None and triada[1] != None and triada[2] != None:
                # 111
                print s+'[{0:2d} :{1:2d} :{2:2d} ]'.format(triada[0], triada[1], triada[2]) +' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]:triada[2]]

        elif len(triada) == 2:
            if triada[0] == None and triada[1] == None:
                # 00
                print s+'[   :   ]    ' + ' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]]
            elif triada[0] == None and triada[1] != None:
                # 01
                print s+'[   :{0:2d} ]    '.format(triada[1]) + ' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]]
            elif triada[0] != None and triada[1] == None:
                # 10
                print s+'[{0:2d} :   ]    '.format(triada[0]) + ' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]]
            elif triada[0] != None and triada[1] != None:
                # 11
                print s+'[{0:2d} :{1:2d} ]    '.format(triada[0],triada[1]) + ' = ', s[triada[0]:triada[1]]

        elif len(triada) == 1:
            print s+'[{0:2d} ]        '.format(triada[0]) + ' = ', s[triada[0]]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Change "s" to what ever string you like, make it 9 characters for
    # better representation.
    s = 'COMPUTERS'

    # add to this list different lists to experement with indexes
    # to represent ex. s[::], use s[None, None,None], otherwise you get an error
    # for s[2:] use s[2:None]

    lista = [[4,7],[2,5,2],[-5,1,-1],[4],[-4,-6,-1], [2,-3,1],[2,-3,-1], [None,None,-1],[-5,None],[-5,0,-1],[-5,None,-1],[-1,1,-2]]

    slicegraphical(s, lista)

你可以运行这个脚本并进行实验，下面是我从脚本中获得的一些示例。

  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
  | C | O | M | P | U | T | E | R | S |
  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   
 -9  -8  -7  -6  -5  -4  -3  -2  -1 

COMPUTERS[ 4 : 7 ]     =  UTE
COMPUTERS[ 2 : 5 : 2 ] =  MU
COMPUTERS[-5 : 1 :-1 ] =  UPM
COMPUTERS[ 4 ]         =  U
COMPUTERS[-4 :-6 :-1 ] =  TU
COMPUTERS[ 2 :-3 : 1 ] =  MPUT
COMPUTERS[ 2 :-3 :-1 ] =  
COMPUTERS[   :   :-1 ] =  SRETUPMOC
COMPUTERS[-5 :   ]     =  UTERS
COMPUTERS[-5 : 0 :-1 ] =  UPMO
COMPUTERS[-5 :   :-1 ] =  UPMOC
COMPUTERS[-1 : 1 :-2 ] =  SEUM
[Finished in 0.9s]

当使用否定步骤时，请注意答案向右移动1。

简单易懂：

在Python中，切片符号a[start:stop:step]可以用于从序列中选择一系列元素（例如列表、元组或字符串）。

起始索引是包括在切片中的第一个元素，

停止索引是从切片中排除的第一个元素，也是最后一个元素

步长值是切片元素之间的索引数。

例如，考虑以下列表：

a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

如果要选择a的所有元素，可以使用切片符号a[：]：

>>> a[:]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

如果我们想选择a的所有元素，但跳过其他元素，我们可以使用切片符号a[：：2]：

>>> a[::2]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

如果我们想选择从第三个元素（索引2）到第七个元素（索引号6）的所有元素，我们可以使用切片符号a[2:7]：

>>> a[2:7]
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

如果我们想选择从第三个元素（索引2）到第七个元素（索引号6）的所有元素，但跳过其他元素，我们可以使用切片符号a[2:7:2]：

>>> a[2:7:2]
[2, 4, 6]

如果我们想选择从第三个元素（索引2）到列表末尾的所有元素，我们可以使用切片符号a[2:]：

>>> a[2:]
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

如果我们想选择从列表开头到第七个元素（索引6）的所有元素，我们可以使用切片符号a[：7]：

>>> a[:7]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

如果您想了解有关切片表示法的更多信息，可以参考Python官方文档：链接1链接2

我自己使用“元素之间的索引点”方法来思考它，但描述它的一种方式有时有助于其他人获得它：

mylist[X:Y]

X是所需的第一个元素的索引。Y是不需要的第一个元素的索引。

在Python 2.7中

Python中的切片

[a:b:c]

len = length of string, tuple or list

c -- default is +1. The sign of c indicates forward or backward, absolute value of c indicates steps. Default is forward with step size 1. Positive means forward, negative means backward.

a --  When c is positive or blank, default is 0. When c is negative, default is -1.

b --  When c is positive or blank, default is len. When c is negative, default is -(len+1).

理解索引分配非常重要。

In forward direction, starts at 0 and ends at len-1

In backward direction, starts at -1 and ends at -len

当你说[a:b:c]时，你是说根据c的符号（向前或向后），从a开始，到b结束（不包括bth索引中的元素）。使用上面的索引规则，并记住您只能找到此范围内的元素：

-len, -len+1, -len+2, ..., 0, 1, 2,3,4 , len -1

但这一范围在两个方向上无限延伸：

...,-len -2 ,-len-1,-len, -len+1, -len+2, ..., 0, 1, 2,3,4 , len -1, len, len +1, len+2 , ....

例如：

             0    1    2   3    4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11
             a    s    t   r    i   n   g
    -9  -8  -7   -6   -5  -4   -3  -2  -1

如果在使用上面的a、b、c的规则进行遍历时，a、b和c的选择允许与上面的范围重叠，则会得到一个包含元素的列表（在遍历过程中被触摸），或者得到一个空列表。

最后一件事：如果a和b相等，那么也会得到一个空列表：

>>> l1
[2, 3, 4]

>>> l1[:]
[2, 3, 4]

>>> l1[::-1] # a default is -1 , b default is -(len+1)
[4, 3, 2]

>>> l1[:-4:-1] # a default is -1
[4, 3, 2]

>>> l1[:-3:-1] # a default is -1
[4, 3]

>>> l1[::] # c default is +1, so a default is 0, b default is len
[2, 3, 4]

>>> l1[::-1] # c is -1 , so a default is -1 and b default is -(len+1)
[4, 3, 2]


>>> l1[-100:-200:-1] # Interesting
[]

>>> l1[-1:-200:-1] # Interesting
[4, 3, 2]


>>> l1[-1:-1:1]
[]


>>> l1[-1:5:1] # Interesting
[4]


>>> l1[1:-7:1]
[]

>>> l1[1:-7:-1] # Interesting
[3, 2]

>>> l1[:-2:-2] # a default is -1, stop(b) at -2 , step(c) by 2 in reverse direction
[4]

我的大脑似乎很乐意接受lst[开始：结束]包含开始项。我甚至可以说这是一个“自然的假设”。

但偶尔会有一种怀疑悄悄出现，我的大脑会要求我保证它不包含结尾元素。

在这些时刻，我依靠这个简单的定理：

for any n,    lst = lst[:n] + lst[n:]

这个漂亮的属性告诉我，lst[start:end]不包含end-th项，因为它位于lst[end:]中。

注意，这个定理对任何n都是正确的。例如，您可以检查

lst = range(10)
lst[:-42] + lst[-42:] == lst

返回True。

当我第一次看到切片语法时，有一些事情不是很明显：

>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> x[::-1]
[6,5,4,3,2,1]

反转顺序的简单方法！

如果出于某种原因，您希望以相反的顺序进行每一项：

>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> x[::-2]
[6,4,2]