我想加一个你好，世界！为初学者解释切片基础知识的示例。这对我帮助很大。

让我们列出六个值[“P”、“Y”、“T”、“H”、“O”、“N”]：

+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | Y | T | H | O | N |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
  0   1   2   3   4   5

现在，该列表中最简单的部分是其子列表。符号是[<index>：<index>]，关键是这样读：

[ start cutting before this index : end cutting before this index ]

现在，如果你从上面的列表中选择一个片段[2:5]，就会发生这种情况：

        |           |
+---+---|---+---+---|---+
| P | Y | T | H | O | N |
+---+---|---+---+---|---+
  0   1 | 2   3   4 | 5

在索引为2的元素之前进行了一次切割，在索引为5的元素之前又进行了一个切割。因此，结果将是这两个剪辑之间的一个片段，一个列表['T'，'H'，'O']。

枚举序列x语法允许的可能性：

>>> x[:]                # [x[0],   x[1],          ..., x[-1]    ]
>>> x[low:]             # [x[low], x[low+1],      ..., x[-1]    ]
>>> x[:high]            # [x[0],   x[1],          ..., x[high-1]]
>>> x[low:high]         # [x[low], x[low+1],      ..., x[high-1]]
>>> x[::stride]         # [x[0],   x[stride],     ..., x[-1]    ]
>>> x[low::stride]      # [x[low], x[low+stride], ..., x[-1]    ]
>>> x[:high:stride]     # [x[0],   x[stride],     ..., x[high-1]]
>>> x[low:high:stride]  # [x[low], x[low+stride], ..., x[high-1]]

当然，如果（高低）%步幅！=0，则终点将略低于高1。

如果步幅为负，则由于我们正在倒计时，顺序会有点改变：

>>> x[::-stride]        # [x[-1],   x[-1-stride],   ..., x[0]    ]
>>> x[high::-stride]    # [x[high], x[high-stride], ..., x[0]    ]
>>> x[:low:-stride]     # [x[-1],   x[-1-stride],   ..., x[low+1]]
>>> x[high:low:-stride] # [x[high], x[high-stride], ..., x[low+1]]

扩展切片（带逗号和省略号）通常仅用于特殊数据结构（如NumPy）；基本序列不支持它们。

>>> class slicee:
...     def __getitem__(self, item):
...         return repr(item)
...
>>> slicee()[0, 1:2, ::5, ...]
'(0, slice(1, 2, None), slice(None, None, 5), Ellipsis)'

上面的答案不讨论切片分配。为了理解切片分配，可以在ASCII艺术中添加另一个概念：

                +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                | P | y | t | h | o | n |
                +---+---+---+---+---+---+
Slice position: 0   1   2   3   4   5   6
Index position:   0   1   2   3   4   5

>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n']
# Why the two sets of numbers:
# indexing gives items, not lists
>>> p[0]
 'P'
>>> p[5]
 'n'

# Slicing gives lists
>>> p[0:1]
 ['P']
>>> p[0:2]
 ['P','y']

一种启发式方法是，对于从零到n的切片，思考：“零是开始，从开始开始，在列表中取n个项目”。

>>> p[5] # the last of six items, indexed from zero
 'n'
>>> p[0:5] # does NOT include the last item!
 ['P','y','t','h','o']
>>> p[0:6] # not p[0:5]!!!
 ['P','y','t','h','o','n']

另一种启发式方法是，“对于任何一个切片，用零替换开头，应用前面的启发式方法获得列表的结尾，然后将第一个数字向后计数，以从开头删除项目”

>>> p[0:4] # Start at the beginning and count out 4 items
 ['P','y','t','h']
>>> p[1:4] # Take one item off the front
 ['y','t','h']
>>> p[2:4] # Take two items off the front
 ['t','h']
# etc.

切片分配的第一个规则是，由于切片返回一个列表，所以切片分配需要一个列表（或其他可迭代的）：

>>> p[2:3]
 ['t']
>>> p[2:3] = ['T']
>>> p
 ['P','y','T','h','o','n']
>>> p[2:3] = 't'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: can only assign an iterable

切片分配的第二个规则（您也可以在上面看到）是，无论切片索引返回列表的哪个部分，都是由切片分配更改的相同部分：

>>> p[2:4]
 ['T','h']
>>> p[2:4] = ['t','r']
>>> p
 ['P','y','t','r','o','n']

切片分配的第三条规则是，分配的列表（可迭代）不必具有相同的长度；索引切片被简单地切片，并被分配的任何内容整体替换：

>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n'] # Start over
>>> p[2:4] = ['s','p','a','m']
>>> p
 ['P','y','s','p','a','m','o','n']

最难习惯的部分是分配给空切片。使用启发式1和2，很容易让你的头脑围绕空切片进行索引：

>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> p[0:4]
 ['P','y','t','h']
>>> p[1:4]
 ['y','t','h']
>>> p[2:4]
 ['t','h']
>>> p[3:4]
 ['h']
>>> p[4:4]
 []

然后，一旦您看到了这一点，将切片分配给空切片也是有意义的：

>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> p[2:4] = ['x','y'] # Assigned list is same length as slice
>>> p
 ['P','y','x','y','o','n'] # Result is same length
>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> p[3:4] = ['x','y'] # Assigned list is longer than slice
>>> p
 ['P','y','t','x','y','o','n'] # The result is longer
>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> p[4:4] = ['x','y']
>>> p
 ['P','y','t','h','x','y','o','n'] # The result is longer still

请注意，因为我们没有更改切片的第二个编号（4），所以插入的项目总是紧靠“o”堆叠，即使我们分配给空切片也是如此。因此，空切片分配的位置是非空切片分配位置的逻辑扩展。

稍微后退一点，当你继续进行我们的切片开始计数过程时会发生什么？

>>> p = ['P','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> p[0:4]
 ['P','y','t','h']
>>> p[1:4]
 ['y','t','h']
>>> p[2:4]
 ['t','h']
>>> p[3:4]
 ['h']
>>> p[4:4]
 []
>>> p[5:4]
 []
>>> p[6:4]
 []

通过切片，一旦你完成，你就完成了；它不会开始向后倾斜。在Python中，除非使用负数明确要求，否则不会获得负的步幅。

>>> p[5:3:-1]
 ['n','o']

“一旦你完成了，你就完成了”规则会产生一些奇怪的后果：

>>> p[4:4]
 []
>>> p[5:4]
 []
>>> p[6:4]
 []
>>> p[6]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range

事实上，与索引相比，Python切片具有奇怪的防错误性：

>>> p[100:200]
 []
>>> p[int(2e99):int(1e99)]
 []

这有时会派上用场，但也会导致一些奇怪的行为：

>>> p
 ['P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
>>> p[int(2e99):int(1e99)] = ['p','o','w','e','r']
>>> p
 ['P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n', 'p', 'o', 'w', 'e', 'r']

根据您的应用程序，这可能。。。或者可能不。。。成为你在那里所希望的！

---

以下是我的原始答案。它对很多人都很有用，所以我不想删除它。

>>> r=[1,2,3,4]
>>> r[1:1]
[]
>>> r[1:1]=[9,8]
>>> r
[1, 9, 8, 2, 3, 4]
>>> r[1:1]=['blah']
>>> r
[1, 'blah', 9, 8, 2, 3, 4]

这也可以澄清切片和索引之间的区别。

我有点沮丧，因为找不到一个准确描述切片功能的在线源代码或Python文档。

我接受了Aaron Hall的建议，阅读了CPython源代码的相关部分，并编写了一些Python代码，这些代码执行切片与CPython中的切片类似。我已经用Python 3对整数列表进行了数百万次随机测试。

您可能会发现我的代码中对CPython中相关函数的引用很有用。

def slicer(x, start=None, stop=None, step=None):
    """ Return the result of slicing list x.  

    See the part of list_subscript() in listobject.c that pertains 
    to when the indexing item is a PySliceObject.
    """

    # Handle slicing index values of None, and a step value of 0.
    # See PySlice_Unpack() in sliceobject.c, which
    # extracts start, stop, step from a PySliceObject.
    maxint = 10000000       # A hack to simulate PY_SSIZE_T_MAX
    if step is None:
        step = 1
    elif step == 0:
        raise ValueError('slice step cannot be zero')

    if start is None:
        start = maxint if step < 0 else 0
    if stop is None:
        stop = -maxint if step < 0 else maxint

    # Handle negative slice indexes and bad slice indexes.
    # Compute number of elements in the slice as slice_length.
    # See PySlice_AdjustIndices() in sliceobject.c
    length = len(x)
    slice_length = 0

    if start < 0:
        start += length
        if start < 0:
            start = -1 if step < 0 else 0
    elif start >= length:
        start = length - 1 if step < 0 else length

    if stop < 0:
        stop += length
        if stop < 0:
            stop = -1 if step < 0 else 0
    elif stop > length:
        stop = length - 1 if step < 0 else length

    if step < 0:
        if stop < start:
            slice_length = (start - stop - 1) // (-step) + 1
    else:
        if start < stop:
            slice_length = (stop - start - 1) // step + 1

    # Cases of step = 1 and step != 1 are treated separately
    if slice_length <= 0:
        return []
    elif step == 1:
        # See list_slice() in listobject.c
        result = []
        for i in range(stop - start):
            result.append(x[i+start])
        return result
    else:
        result = []
        cur = start
        for i in range(slice_length):
            result.append(x[cur])
            cur += step
        return result

Index:
      ------------>
  0   1   2   3   4
+---+---+---+---+---+
| a | b | c | d | e |
+---+---+---+---+---+
  0  -4  -3  -2  -1
      <------------

Slice:
    <---------------|
|--------------->
:   1   2   3   4   :
+---+---+---+---+---+
| a | b | c | d | e |
+---+---+---+---+---+
:  -4  -3  -2  -1   :
|--------------->
    <---------------|

我希望这将帮助您用Python建模列表。

参考：http://wiki.python.org/moin/MovingToPythonFromOtherLanguages

在找到这张很棒的桌子http://wiki.python.org/moin/MovingToPythonFromOtherLanguages

Python indexes and slices for a six-element list.
Indexes enumerate the elements, slices enumerate the spaces between the elements.

Index from rear:    -6  -5  -4  -3  -2  -1      a=[0,1,2,3,4,5]    a[1:]==[1,2,3,4,5]
Index from front:    0   1   2   3   4   5      len(a)==6          a[:5]==[0,1,2,3,4]
                   +---+---+---+---+---+---+    a[0]==0            a[:-2]==[0,1,2,3]
                   | a | b | c | d | e | f |    a[5]==5            a[1:2]==[1]
                   +---+---+---+---+---+---+    a[-1]==5           a[1:-1]==[1,2,3,4]
Slice from front:  :   1   2   3   4   5   :    a[-2]==4
Slice from rear:   :  -5  -4  -3  -2  -1   :
                                                b=a[:]
                                                b==[0,1,2,3,4,5] (shallow copy of a)