我编写了enumeranjs一个非常小的库来解决这个问题，它确保了类型安全，允许枚举常量从原型继承，保证枚举常量和枚举类型是不可变的+许多小特性。它允许重构大量代码，并在枚举定义中移动一些逻辑。下面是一个示例：

var CloseEventCodes = new Enumeration("closeEventCodes", {
  CLOSE_NORMAL:          { _id: 1000, info: "Connection closed normally" },
  CLOSE_GOING_AWAY:      { _id: 1001, info: "Connection closed going away" },
  CLOSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR:  { _id: 1002, info: "Connection closed due to protocol error"  },
  CLOSE_UNSUPPORTED:     { _id: 1003, info: "Connection closed due to unsupported operation" },
  CLOSE_NO_STATUS:       { _id: 1005, info: "Connection closed with no status" },
  CLOSE_ABNORMAL:        { _id: 1006, info: "Connection closed abnormally" },
  CLOSE_TOO_LARGE:       { _id: 1009, info: "Connection closed due to too large packet" }
},{ talk: function(){
    console.log(this.info); 
  }
});


CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE.talk(); //prints "Connection closed due to too large packet"
CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE instanceof CloseEventCodes //evaluates to true

枚举基本上是一个工厂。

此处提供完整记录的指南。希望这有帮助。

var ColorEnum = {
    red: {},
    green: {},
    blue: {}
}

您不需要确保不以这种方式将重复的数字分配给不同的枚举值。一个新对象被实例化并分配给所有枚举值。

一种快速而简单的方法是：

var Colors = function(){
return {
    'WHITE':0,
    'BLACK':1,
    'RED':2,
    'GREEN':3
    }
}();

console.log(Colors.WHITE)  //this prints out "0"

es7方式，（迭代器，冻结），用法：

const ThreeWiseMen = new Enum('Melchior', 'Caspar', 'Balthazar')

for (let name of ThreeWiseMen)
    console.log(name)


// with a given key
let key = ThreeWiseMen.Melchior

console.log(key in ThreeWiseMen) // true (string conversion, also true: 'Melchior' in ThreeWiseMen)

for (let entry from key.enum)
     console.log(entry)


// prevent alteration (throws TypeError in strict mode)
ThreeWiseMen.Me = 'Me too!'
ThreeWiseMen.Melchior.name = 'Foo'

代码：

class EnumKey {

    constructor(props) { Object.freeze(Object.assign(this, props)) }

    toString() { return this.name }

}

export class Enum {

    constructor(...keys) {

        for (let [index, key] of keys.entries()) {

            Object.defineProperty(this, key, {

                value: new EnumKey({ name:key, index, enum:this }),
                enumerable: true,

            })

        }

        Object.freeze(this)

    }

    *[Symbol.iterator]() {

        for (let key of Object.keys(this))
            yield this[key]

    }

    toString() { return [...this].join(', ') }

}

我也在寻找这个问题的答案，并找到了这一页的答案，我认为答案与这里的大多数答案不同：https://www.sohamkamani.com/javascript/enums/

我将把文章的答案部分复制到这里，以防将来链接无效或其他情况：

带符号的枚举：符号让我们定义保证不会冲突的值彼此之间。例如：

const Summer1 = Symbol("summer")
const Summer2 = Symbol("summer")

// Even though they have the same apparent value
// Summer1 and Summer2 don't equate
console.log(Summer1 === Summer2)
// false

console.log(Summer1)

我们可以使用符号定义枚举，以确保它们不是复制：

const Summer = Symbol("summer")
const Autumn = Symbol("autumn")
const Winter = Symbol("winter")
const Spring = Symbol("spring")

let season = Spring

switch (season) {
    case Summer:
    console.log('the season is summer')
    break;
    case Winter:
    console.log('the season is winter')
    break;
    case Spring:
    console.log('the season is spring')
    break;
    case Autumn:
    console.log('the season is autumn')
    break;
    default:
    console.log('season not defined')
}

使用Symbol可以确保我们分配枚举值的唯一方法是使用我们最初定义的常量。

具有类的枚举：

为了使代码更加语义正确，我们可以创建一个类保存一组枚举。例如，我们的季节应该有一种方法来识别它们都属于类似的分类。让我们看看如何使用类和对象创建不同的枚举组：

// Season enums can be grouped as static members of a class
class Season {
  // Create new instances of the same class as static attributes
  static Summer = new Season("summer")
  static Autumn = new Season("autumn")
  static Winter = new Season("winter")
  static Spring = new Season("spring")

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name
  }
}

// Now we can access enums using namespaced assignments
// this makes it semantically clear that "Summer" is a "Season"
let season = Season.Summer

// We can verify whether a particular variable is a Season enum
console.log(season instanceof Season)
// true
console.log(Symbol('something') instanceof Season)
//false

// We can explicitly check the type based on each enums class
console.log(season.constructor.name)
// 'Season'

个人注意：我本应该使用此构造函数：（注意：将this.name设置为字符串而不是对象，会丢失以下一些验证。可以选择删除：.description。我还想找到一种方法，不必键入Seasons.summer.name，而只需：Seasons.summer即可使其返回字符串）

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = Symbol(name).description
  }

列出所有可能的枚举值：

如果我们使用上述基于类的方法Season类的键，以获取同一类下的所有枚举值组：

Object.keys(Season).forEach(season => console.log("season:", season))
// season: Summer
// season: Autumn
// season: Winter
// season: Spring

何时在Javascript中使用枚举？

通常，如果有一定数量的固定任何一个变量的值_例如，Node.js的加密标准库有一个受支持的算法列表，可以将其视为枚举组。正确使用Javascript中的enums将产生更好的代码更稳定、更容易阅读和更少出错。

我制作了一个Enum类，它可以在O（1）处获取值和名称。它还可以生成包含所有名称和值的对象数组。

function Enum(obj) {
    // Names must be unique, Values do not.
    // Putting same values for different Names is risky for this implementation

    this._reserved = {
        _namesObj: {},
        _objArr: [],
        _namesArr: [],
        _valuesArr: [],
        _selectOptionsHTML: ""
    };

    for (k in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
            this[k] = obj[k];
            this._reserved._namesObj[obj[k]] = k;
        }
    }
}
(function () {
    this.GetName = function (val) {
        if (typeof this._reserved._namesObj[val] === "undefined")
            return null;
        return this._reserved._namesObj[val];
    };

    this.GetValue = function (name) {
        if (typeof this[name] === "undefined")
            return null;
        return this[name];
    };

    this.GetObjArr = function () {
        if (this._reserved._objArr.length == 0) {
            var arr = [];
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        arr.push({
                            Name: k,
                            Value: this[k]
                        });
            }
            this._reserved._objArr = arr;
        }
        return this._reserved._objArr;
    };

    this.GetNamesArr = function () {
        if (this._reserved._namesArr.length == 0) {
            var arr = [];
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        arr.push(k);
            }
            this._reserved._namesArr = arr;
        }
        return this._reserved._namesArr;
    };

    this.GetValuesArr = function () {
        if (this._reserved._valuesArr.length == 0) {
            var arr = [];
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        arr.push(this[k]);
            }
            this._reserved._valuesArr = arr;
        }
        return this._reserved._valuesArr;
    };

    this.GetSelectOptionsHTML = function () {
        if (this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML.length == 0) {
            var html = "";
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        html += "<option value='" + this[k] + "'>" + k + "</option>";
            }
            this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML = html;
        }
        return this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML;
    };
}).call(Enum.prototype);

您可以这样初始化：

var enum1 = new Enum({
    item1: 0,
    item2: 1,
    item3: 2
});

要获取值（如C#中的枚举）：

var val2 = enum1.item2;

要获取某个值的名称（将相同的值用于不同的名称时可能会不明确）：

var name1 = enum1.GetName(0);  // "item1"

要获取对象中每个名称和值的数组，请执行以下操作：

var arr = enum1.GetObjArr();

将生成：

[{ Name: "item1", Value: 0}, { ... }, ... ]

您还可以轻松获得html选择选项：

var html = enum1.GetSelectOptionsHTML();

其中包含：

"<option value='0'>item1</option>..."