到目前为止，所有的答案似乎都有一个或多个这样的问题:(1)它可能无法在vc++上工作(2)它需要额外的依赖，如boost或fmt(3)它太复杂的自定义实现，可能没有经过很好的测试。

下面的代码解决了上述所有问题。

#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <memory>

std::string stringf(const char* format, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    #ifndef _MSC_VER

        //GCC generates warning for valid use of snprintf to get
        //size of result string. We suppress warning with below macro.
        #ifdef __GNUC__
        #pragma GCC diagnostic push
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"
        #endif

        size_t size = std::snprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args) + 1; // Extra space for '\0'

        #ifdef __GNUC__
        # pragma GCC diagnostic pop
        #endif

        std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[ size ] ); 
        std::vsnprintf(buf.get(), size, format, args);
        return std::string(buf.get(), buf.get() + size - 1 ); // We don't want the '\0' inside
    #else
        int size = _vscprintf(format, args);
        std::string result(++size, 0);
        vsnprintf_s((char*)result.data(), size, _TRUNCATE, format, args);
        return result;
    #endif
    va_end(args);
}    

int main() {
    float f = 3.f;
    int i = 5;
    std::string s = "hello!";
    auto rs = stringf("i=%d, f=%f, s=%s", i, f, s.c_str());
    printf("%s", rs.c_str());
    return 0;
}

注:

Separate VC++ code branch is necessary because VC++ has decided to deprecate snprintf which will generate compiler warnings for other highly voted answers above. As I always run in "warnings as errors" mode, its no go for me. The function accepts char * instead of std::string. This because most of the time this function would be called with literal string which is indeed char *, not std::string. In case you do have std::string as format parameter, then just call .c_str(). Name of the function is stringf instead of things like string_format to keepup with printf, scanf etc. It doesn't address safety issue (i.e. bad parameters can potentially cause seg fault instead of exception). If you need this then you are better off with boost or fmt libraries. My preference here would be fmt because it is just one header and source file to drop in the project while having less weird formatting syntax than boost. However both are non-compatible with printf format strings so below is still useful in that case. The stringf code passes through GCC strict mode compilation. This requires extra #pragma macros to suppress false positives in GCC warnings.

以上代码已在，

GCC 4.9.2 11 / c++ / C + + 14 vc++编译器19.0 铿锵声3.7.0

c++ 20 std::格式

它来了!该特性描述在:http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p0645r9.html，并使用类似python的.format()语法。

我希望它的用法是这样的:

#include <format>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string message = std::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
}

g++-9 -std=c++2a的GCC 9.1.0仍然不支持它。

现有的fmt库在获得官方支持之前实现了它:https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt，如前所述:std::string格式化，如sprintf:

sudo apt install libfmt-dev

修改源代码以替换:

用<fmt/core.h> .h格式化> Std::format转换为fmt::format

main.cpp

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

#include <fmt/core.h>

int main() {
    std::string message = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
    std::cout << message << std::endl;
}

编译并运行:

g++ -std=c++11 -o main.out main.cpp -lfmt
./main.out

输出:

The answer is 42.

API将添加一个新的std::format头文件:

建议的格式化API定义在新的header <format>中，应该不会对现有代码产生影响。

十六进制格式{:x}

c++十六进制成本值？

前导零{:03}

用c++输出操作符打印前导零?

左对齐{:<}，右对齐{:>}，中对齐{:^}

打印cout时c++对齐<<

浮点精度{:.2}

我如何打印一个双值与全精度使用cout? 在c++中设置默认浮点打印精度

在正数{:+}上显示符号

如何打印正数与前缀+在c++

将布尔值显示为true和false: {:}

在c++中将bool转换为文本

以下是我的(简单的解决方案):

std::string Format(const char* lpszFormat, ...)
{
    // Warning : "vsnprintf" crashes with an access violation
    // exception if lpszFormat is not a "const char*" (for example, const string&)

    size_t  nSize     = 1024;
    char    *lpBuffer = (char*)malloc(nSize);

    va_list lpParams;

    while (true)
    {
        va_start(lpParams, lpszFormat);

        int nResult = vsnprintf(
            lpBuffer,
            nSize,
            lpszFormat,
            lpParams
        );

        va_end(lpParams);

        if ((nResult >= 0) && (nResult < (int)nSize) )
        {
            // Success

            lpBuffer[nResult] = '\0';
            std::string sResult(lpBuffer);

            free (lpBuffer);

            return sResult;
        }
        else
        {
            // Increase buffer

            nSize =
                  (nResult < 0)
                ? nSize *= 2
                : (nResult + 1)
            ;

            lpBuffer = (char *)realloc(lpBuffer, nSize);
        }
    }
}

如果缓冲区不够大，无法打印字符串，就会出现问题。在打印格式化消息之前，必须确定格式化字符串的长度。 我制作了自己的帮助器(在Windows和Linux GCC上测试)，您可以尝试使用它。

String.cpp: http://pastebin.com/DnfvzyKP String.h: http://pastebin.com/7U6iCUMa

String.cpp:

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>

using ::std::string;

#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

#ifndef va_copy
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define va_copy(dst, src) dst=src
#elif !(__cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
#define va_copy(dst, src) memcpy((void*)dst, (void*)src, sizeof(*src))
#endif
#endif

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
  int length;
  va_list apStrLen;
  va_copy(apStrLen, ap);
  length = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, apStrLen);
  va_end(apStrLen);
  if (length > 0) {
    dst.resize(length);
    vsnprintf((char *)dst.data(), dst.size() + 1, format, ap);
  } else {
    dst = "Format error! format: ";
    dst.append(format);
  }
}

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw() {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  toString(dst, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
}

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw() {
  string dst;
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  toString(dst, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return dst;
}

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
  string dst;
  toString(dst, format, ap);
  return dst;
}


int main() {
  int a = 32;
  const char * str = "This works!";

  string test(toString("\nSome testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, str));
  printf(test.c_str());

  a = 0x7fffffff;
  test = toString("\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This works too..");
  printf(test.c_str());

  a = 0x80000000;
  toString(test, "\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This way is cheaper");
  printf(test.c_str());

  return 0;
}

String.h:

#pragma once
#include <cstdarg>
#include <string>

using ::std::string;

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw();

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw();

对于Visual C:

std::wstring stringFormat(const wchar_t* fmt, ...)
{
    if (!fmt) {
        return L"";
    }

    std::vector<wchar_t> buff;
    size_t size = wcslen(fmt) * 2;
    buff.resize(size);
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    while (true) {
        int ret = _vsnwprintf_s(buff.data(), size, _TRUNCATE, fmt, ap);
        if (ret != -1)
            break;
        else {
            size *= 2;
            buff.resize(size);
        }
    }
    va_end(ap);
    return std::wstring(buff.data());
}

我现在将为Visual Studio编写版本，希望有一天有人会让它变得可移植。(怀疑需要用vsnwprintf替换_vsnwprintf之类的东西。)

您需要使用项目配置中的define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS来禁用已弃用的警告。

我使用_vsnwprintf与第一个参数作为nullptr能够估计缓冲区大小，保留wstring缓冲区，然后格式化字符串直接到缓冲区。

不确定为什么需要禁用已弃用警告，因为相同方法调用(_vsnwprintf_s)的安全版本不能使用nullptr作为输入。怀疑需要报告给微软c++团队。

这个版本应该同时使用- string类或wstring类。

如果你发现任何错误或不一致，请再问一次，我会尽力修复它。

stringHelpers.h:

#pragma once
#include <string>

//
//  Formats string/wstring according to format, if formatting fails (e.g. invalid %s pointer - returns empty string)
//
template <typename T>
std::basic_string<T> sFormat(const T* format, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    int size;

    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, char>)
        size = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args);
    else
        size = _vsnwprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args);

    size++; // Zero termination
    std::basic_string<T> s;
    s.resize(size);

    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, char>)
        vsnprintf(&s[0], size, format, args);
    else
        _vsnwprintf(&s[0], size, format, args);

    va_end(args);
    return s;
}

以上是代码示例，可以复制。我将维护工作版本在我自己的仓库在github:

https://github.com/tapika/cppscriptcore/blob/master/SolutionProjectModel/helpers.h#L12