例如，如果所有长选项都有唯一且匹配的首字符作为短选项

./slamm --chaos 23 --plenty test -quiet

和

./slamm -c 23 -p test -q

你可以在getopts重写$args之前使用它:

# change long options to short options

for arg; do 
    [[ "${arg:0:1}" == "-" ]] && delim="" || delim="\""
    if [ "${arg:0:2}" == "--" ]; 
       then args="${args} -${arg:2:1}" 
       else args="${args} ${delim}${arg}${delim}"
    fi
done

# reset the incoming args
eval set -- $args

# proceed as usual
while getopts ":b:la:h" OPTION; do
    .....

谢谢mtvee的灵感;-)

使用带有短/长选项和参数的getopts

适用于所有组合，例如:

Foobar -f——bar Foobar——foo -b Foobar -bf -bar - Foobar foobar -fbFBAshorty——bar -FB——arguments=longhorn foobar -fA "text shorty" -B——arguments="text longhorn" bash foobar -F—barfoo sh foobar - b——foobar -… bash ./foobar -F——bar

本例中的一些声明

Options=$@
Optnum=$#
sfoo='no '
sbar='no '
sfoobar='no '
sbarfoo='no '
sarguments='no '
sARG=empty
lfoo='no '
lbar='no '
lfoobar='no '
lbarfoo='no '
larguments='no '
lARG=empty

Usage函数看起来如何

function _usage() 
{
  ###### U S A G E : Help and ERROR ######
  cat <<EOF
   foobar $Options
  $*
          Usage: foobar <[options]>
          Options:
                  -b   --bar            Set bar to yes    ($foo)
                  -f   --foo            Set foo to yes    ($bart)
                  -h   --help           Show this message
                  -A   --arguments=...  Set arguments to yes ($arguments) AND get ARGUMENT ($ARG)
                  -B   --barfoo         Set barfoo to yes ($barfoo)
                  -F   --foobar         Set foobar to yes ($foobar)
EOF
}

[ $# = 0 ] && _usage "  >>>>>>>> no options given "

具有长/短标志和长参数的getop

while getopts ':bfh-A:BF' OPTION ; do
  case "$OPTION" in
    b  ) sbar=yes                       ;;
    f  ) sfoo=yes                       ;;
    h  ) _usage                         ;;   
    A  ) sarguments=yes;sARG="$OPTARG"  ;;
    B  ) sbarfoo=yes                    ;;
    F  ) sfoobar=yes                    ;;
    -  ) [ $OPTIND -ge 1 ] && optind=$(expr $OPTIND - 1 ) || optind=$OPTIND
         eval OPTION="\$$optind"
         OPTARG=$(echo $OPTION | cut -d'=' -f2)
         OPTION=$(echo $OPTION | cut -d'=' -f1)
         case $OPTION in
             --foo       ) lfoo=yes                       ;;
             --bar       ) lbar=yes                       ;;
             --foobar    ) lfoobar=yes                    ;;
             --barfoo    ) lbarfoo=yes                    ;;
             --help      ) _usage                         ;;
             --arguments ) larguments=yes;lARG="$OPTARG"  ;; 
             * )  _usage " Long: >>>>>>>> invalid options (long) " ;;
         esac
       OPTIND=1
       shift
      ;;
    ? )  _usage "Short: >>>>>>>> invalid options (short) "  ;;
  esac
done

输出

##################################################################
echo "----------------------------------------------------------"
echo "RESULT short-foo      : $sfoo                                    long-foo      : $lfoo"
echo "RESULT short-bar      : $sbar                                    long-bar      : $lbar"
echo "RESULT short-foobar   : $sfoobar                                 long-foobar   : $lfoobar"
echo "RESULT short-barfoo   : $sbarfoo                                 long-barfoo   : $lbarfoo"
echo "RESULT short-arguments: $sarguments  with Argument = \"$sARG\"   long-arguments: $larguments and $lARG"

将上述内容组合成一个内聚脚本

#!/bin/bash
# foobar: getopts with short and long options AND arguments

function _cleanup ()
{
  unset -f _usage _cleanup ; return 0
}

## Clear out nested functions on exit
trap _cleanup INT EXIT RETURN

###### some declarations for this example ######
Options=$@
Optnum=$#
sfoo='no '
sbar='no '
sfoobar='no '
sbarfoo='no '
sarguments='no '
sARG=empty
lfoo='no '
lbar='no '
lfoobar='no '
lbarfoo='no '
larguments='no '
lARG=empty

function _usage() 
{
  ###### U S A G E : Help and ERROR ######
  cat <<EOF
   foobar $Options
   $*
          Usage: foobar <[options]>
          Options:
                  -b   --bar            Set bar to yes    ($foo)
                    -f   --foo            Set foo to yes    ($bart)
                      -h   --help           Show this message
                  -A   --arguments=...  Set arguments to yes ($arguments) AND get ARGUMENT ($ARG)
                  -B   --barfoo         Set barfoo to yes ($barfoo)
                  -F   --foobar         Set foobar to yes ($foobar)
EOF
}

[ $# = 0 ] && _usage "  >>>>>>>> no options given "

##################################################################    
#######  "getopts" with: short options  AND  long options  #######
#######            AND  short/long arguments               #######
while getopts ':bfh-A:BF' OPTION ; do
  case "$OPTION" in
    b  ) sbar=yes                       ;;
    f  ) sfoo=yes                       ;;
    h  ) _usage                         ;;   
    A  ) sarguments=yes;sARG="$OPTARG"  ;;
    B  ) sbarfoo=yes                    ;;
    F  ) sfoobar=yes                    ;;
    -  ) [ $OPTIND -ge 1 ] && optind=$(expr $OPTIND - 1 ) || optind=$OPTIND
         eval OPTION="\$$optind"
         OPTARG=$(echo $OPTION | cut -d'=' -f2)
         OPTION=$(echo $OPTION | cut -d'=' -f1)
         case $OPTION in
             --foo       ) lfoo=yes                       ;;
             --bar       ) lbar=yes                       ;;
             --foobar    ) lfoobar=yes                    ;;
             --barfoo    ) lbarfoo=yes                    ;;
             --help      ) _usage                         ;;
               --arguments ) larguments=yes;lARG="$OPTARG"  ;; 
             * )  _usage " Long: >>>>>>>> invalid options (long) " ;;
         esac
       OPTIND=1
       shift
      ;;
    ? )  _usage "Short: >>>>>>>> invalid options (short) "  ;;
  esac
done

如果这就是您想要调用脚本的方式

myscript.sh --input1 "ABC" --input2 "PQR" --input2 "XYZ"

然后，您可以使用getopt和——longoptions来实现这个最简单的方法

试试这个，希望对你有用

# Read command line options
ARGUMENT_LIST=(
    "input1"
    "input2"
    "input3"
)



# read arguments
opts=$(getopt \
    --longoptions "$(printf "%s:," "${ARGUMENT_LIST[@]}")" \
    --name "$(basename "$0")" \
    --options "" \
    -- "$@"
)


echo $opts

eval set --$opts

while true; do
    case "$1" in
    --input1)  
        shift
        empId=$1
        ;;
    --input2)  
        shift
        fromDate=$1
        ;;
    --input3)  
        shift
        toDate=$1
        ;;
      --)
        shift
        break
        ;;
    esac
    shift
done

我是这样解决的:

# A string with command options
options=$@

# An array with all the arguments
arguments=($options)

# Loop index
index=0

for argument in $options
  do
    # Incrementing index
    index=`expr $index + 1`

    # The conditions
    case $argument in
      -a) echo "key $argument value ${arguments[index]}" ;;
      -abc) echo "key $argument value ${arguments[index]}" ;;
    esac
  done

exit;

我是不是太笨了?Getopt和getopts太让人困惑了。

我还没有足够的代表来评论或投票他的解决方案，但他的答案对我来说非常有效。我遇到的唯一问题是参数以单引号结尾(所以我把它们去掉了)。

我还添加了一些示例用法和帮助文本。我将在这里附上我略微扩展的版本:

#!/bin/bash

# getopt example
# from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/402377/using-getopts-in-bash-shell-script-to-get-long-and-short-command-line-options
HELP_TEXT=\
"   USAGE:\n
    Accepts - and -- flags, can specify options that require a value, and can be in any order. A double-hyphen (--) will stop processing options.\n\n

    Accepts the following forms:\n\n

    getopt-example.sh -a -b -c value-for-c some-arg\n
    getopt-example.sh -c value-for-c -a -b some-arg\n
    getopt-example.sh -abc some-arg\n
    getopt-example.sh --along --blong --clong value-for-c -a -b -c some-arg\n
    getopt-example.sh some-arg --clong value-for-c\n
    getopt-example.sh
"

aflag=false
bflag=false
cargument=""

# options may be followed by one colon to indicate they have a required argument
if ! options=$(getopt -o abc:h\? -l along,blong,help,clong: -- "$@")
then
    # something went wrong, getopt will put out an error message for us
    exit 1
fi

set -- $options

while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
    case $1 in
    -a|--along) aflag=true ;;
    -b|--blong) bflag=true ;;
    # for options with required arguments, an additional shift is required
    -c|--clong) cargument="$2" ; shift;;
    -h|--help|-\?) echo -e $HELP_TEXT; exit;;
    (--) shift; break;;
    (-*) echo "$0: error - unrecognized option $1" 1>&2; exit 1;;
    (*) break;;
    esac
    shift
done

# to remove the single quotes around arguments, pipe the output into:
# | sed -e "s/^'\\|'$//g"  (just leading/trailing) or | sed -e "s/'//g"  (all)

echo aflag=${aflag}
echo bflag=${bflag}
echo cargument=${cargument}

while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
    echo arg=$1
    shift

    if [[ $aflag == true ]]; then
        echo a is true
    fi

done

看一下shFlags，它是一个可移植的shell库(意思是:sh, bash, dash, ksh, zsh在Linux, Solaris等上)。

它使得添加新标志就像在脚本中添加一行一样简单，并且它提供了一个自动生成的用法函数。

这是一个简单的Hello, world!使用shFlag:

#!/bin/sh

# source shflags from current directory
. ./shflags

# define a 'name' command-line string flag
DEFINE_string 'name' 'world' 'name to say hello to' 'n'

# parse the command-line
FLAGS "$@" || exit 1
eval set -- "${FLAGS_ARGV}"

# say hello
echo "Hello, ${FLAGS_name}!"

对于具有支持长选项的增强getopt的操作系统(例如Linux)，您可以这样做:

$ ./hello_world.sh --name Kate
Hello, Kate!

对于其他情况，您必须使用短选项:

$ ./hello_world.sh -n Kate
Hello, Kate!

添加一个新标志就像添加一个新的DEFINE_调用一样简单。