问题是如何将wstring转换为字符串?

我还有一个例子:

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::wstring ws = L"Hello";
    std::string s( ws.begin(), ws.end() );

  //std::cout <<"std::string =     "<<s<<std::endl;
    std::wcout<<"std::wstring =    "<<ws<<std::endl;
    std::cout <<"std::string =     "<<s<<std::endl;
}

带注释的输出为:

std::string =     Hello
std::wstring =    Hello
std::string =     Hello

但是without只是:

std::wstring =    Hello

这个例子中有什么问题吗?我可以像上面那样进行转换吗?

EDIT

新例子(考虑到一些答案)是

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <locale>

int main()
{
    setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");

    const std::wstring ws = L"Hello";
    const std::string s( ws.begin(), ws.end() );

    std::cout<<"std::string =     "<<s<<std::endl;
    std::wcout<<"std::wstring =    "<<ws<<std::endl;

    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << ws.c_str();
    std::cout<<"std::stringstream =     "<<ss.str()<<std::endl;
}

输出结果为:

std::string =     Hello
std::wstring =    Hello
std::stringstream =     0x860283c

因此,不能使用stringstream将wstring转换为string。


当前回答

// Embarcadero C++ Builder 

// convertion string to wstring
string str1 = "hello";
String str2 = str1;         // typedef UnicodeString String;   -> str2 contains now u"hello";

// convertion wstring to string
String str2 = u"hello";
string str1 = UTF8string(str2).c_str();   // -> str1 contains now "hello"

其他回答

正如Cubbi在一条评论中指出的那样,std::wstring_convert (c++ 11)提供了一个简洁的解决方案(你需要#include <locale>和<codecvt>):

std::wstring string_to_convert;

//setup converter
using convert_type = std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>;
std::wstring_convert<convert_type, wchar_t> converter;

//use converter (.to_bytes: wstr->str, .from_bytes: str->wstr)
std::string converted_str = converter.to_bytes( string_to_convert );

在遇到这个问题之前,我正在使用wcstombs和繁琐的内存分配/释放的组合。

http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/wstring_convert

更新(2013.11.28)

有一句话可以这样说(谢谢你的评论):

std::wstring str = std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>>().from_bytes("some string");

包装器函数可以这样表述:(感谢ArmanSchwarz的评论)

std::wstring s2ws(const std::string& str)
{
    using convert_typeX = std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>;
    std::wstring_convert<convert_typeX, wchar_t> converterX;

    return converterX.from_bytes(str);
}

std::string ws2s(const std::wstring& wstr)
{
    using convert_typeX = std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>;
    std::wstring_convert<convert_typeX, wchar_t> converterX;

    return converterX.to_bytes(wstr);
}

注意:对于string/wstring是否应该作为引用或文字传递给函数存在一些争议(由于c++ 11和编译器更新)。我将把决定留给执行的人,但这是值得了解的。

注意:我在上面的代码中使用std::codecvt_utf8,但如果你不使用UTF-8,你需要将其更改为你正在使用的适当编码:

http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/codecvt

代码有两个问题:

The conversion in const std::string s( ws.begin(), ws.end() ); is not required to correctly map the wide characters to their narrow counterpart. Most likely, each wide character will just be typecast to char. The resolution to this problem is already given in the answer by kem and involves the narrow function of the locale's ctype facet. You are writing output to both std::cout and std::wcout in the same program. Both cout and wcout are associated with the same stream (stdout) and the results of using the same stream both as a byte-oriented stream (as cout does) and a wide-oriented stream (as wcout does) are not defined. The best option is to avoid mixing narrow and wide output to the same (underlying) stream. For stdout/cout/wcout, you can try switching the orientation of stdout when switching between wide and narrow output (or vice versa): #include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <wchar.h> int main() { std::cout << "narrow" << std::endl; fwide(stdout, 1); // switch to wide std::wcout << L"wide" << std::endl; fwide(stdout, -1); // switch to narrow std::cout << "narrow" << std::endl; fwide(stdout, 1); // switch to wide std::wcout << L"wide" << std::endl; }

如果其他人感兴趣的话:我需要一个可以在任何期望使用string或wstring的地方互换使用的类。下面的类convertible_string,基于dk123的解决方案,可以用string, char const*, wstring或wchar_t const*进行初始化,并且可以被赋值或隐式转换为string或wstring(因此可以传递给接受其中任何一种的函数)。

class convertible_string
{
public:
    // default ctor
    convertible_string()
    {}

    /* conversion ctors */
    convertible_string(std::string const& value) : value_(value)
    {}
    convertible_string(char const* val_array) : value_(val_array)
    {}
    convertible_string(std::wstring const& wvalue) : value_(ws2s(wvalue))
    {}
    convertible_string(wchar_t const* wval_array) : value_(ws2s(std::wstring(wval_array)))
    {}

    /* assignment operators */
    convertible_string& operator=(std::string const& value)
    {
        value_ = value;
        return *this;
    }
    convertible_string& operator=(std::wstring const& wvalue)
    {
        value_ = ws2s(wvalue);
        return *this;
    }

    /* implicit conversion operators */
    operator std::string() const { return value_; }
    operator std::wstring() const { return s2ws(value_); }
private:
    std::string value_;
};

在写这个答案的时候,第一个谷歌搜索“转换字符串wstring”会让你进入这个页面。我的回答展示了如何将字符串转换为wstring,虽然这不是实际的问题,我应该删除这个答案,但这被认为是糟糕的形式。您可能希望跳转到此StackOverflow答案,该答案现在的排名高于此页面。


这是一种将字符串,wstring和混合字符串常量组合到wstring的方法。使用wstringstream类。

#include <sstream>

std::string narrow = "narrow";
std::wstring wide = "wide";

std::wstringstream cls;
cls << " abc " << narrow.c_str() << L" def " << wide.c_str();
std::wstring total= cls.str();

如果你正在处理文件路径(当我发现需要wstring-to-string时,我经常这样做),你可以使用filesystem::path(自c++ 17以来):

#include <filesystem>

const std::wstring wPath = GetPath(); // some function that returns wstring
const std::string path = std::filesystem::path(wPath).string();