终结器用于隐式清理——当一个类管理着绝对必须清理的资源时，你应该使用它，否则你会泄漏句柄/内存等等……

正确实现终结器是出了名的困难，应该尽可能避免——SafeHandle类(在. net v2.0及以上版本中可用)现在意味着您很少(如果有的话)需要实现终结器了。

IDisposable接口用于显式清理，并且使用得更普遍——您应该使用它来允许用户在使用完对象后显式地释放或清理资源。

注意，如果您有终结器，那么您还应该实现IDisposable接口，以允许用户显式地更快地释放这些资源，而不是在对象被垃圾收集的情况下。

请参阅DG更新:处置，终结，和资源管理，我认为是最好的和最完整的一组关于终结器和IDisposable的建议。

c#中Finalize和Dispose方法的区别。

GC调用finalize方法来回收非托管资源(如文件操作、windows api、网络连接、数据库连接)，但GC调用它的时间不固定。它是由GC隐式调用的，这意味着我们对它没有低级控制。

处理方法:当我们从代码中调用它时，我们对它有低级别的控制。我们可以在觉得不可用的时候回收非托管资源。我们可以通过实现IDisposal模式来实现这一点。

摘要如下-

You write a finalizer for your class if it has reference to unmanaged resources and you want to make sure that those unmanaged resources are released when an instance of that class is garbage collected automatically. Note that you can't call the Finalizer of an object explicitly - it's called automatically by the garbage collector as and when it deems necessary. On the other hand, you implement the IDisposable interface(and consequently define the Dispose() method as a result for your class) when your class has reference to unmanaged resources, but you don't want to wait for the garbage collector to kick in (which can be anytime - not in control of the programmer) and want to release those resources as soon as you are done. Thus, you can explicitly release unmanaged resources by calling an object's Dispose() method.

另外，另一个区别是——在Dispose()实现中，您也应该释放托管资源，而在Finalizer中不应该这样做。这是因为对象引用的托管资源很可能在准备完成之前就已经被清理了。

对于使用非托管资源的类，最佳实践是同时定义Dispose()方法和Finalizer，以便在开发人员忘记显式地释放对象时作为备用方案使用。两者都可以使用共享的方法来清理托管和非托管资源:-

class ClassWithDisposeAndFinalize : IDisposable
{
    // Used to determine if Dispose() has already been called, so that the finalizer
    // knows if it needs to clean up unmanaged resources.
     private bool disposed = false;

     public void Dispose()
     {
       // Call our shared helper method.
       // Specifying "true" signifies that the object user triggered the cleanup.
          CleanUp(true);

       // Now suppress finalization to make sure that the Finalize method 
       // doesn't attempt to clean up unmanaged resources.
          GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
     }
     private void CleanUp(bool disposing)
     {
        // Be sure we have not already been disposed!
        if (!this.disposed)
        {
             // If disposing equals true i.e. if disposed explicitly, dispose all 
             // managed resources.
            if (disposing)
            {
             // Dispose managed resources.
            }
             // Clean up unmanaged resources here.
        }
        disposed = true;
      }

      // the below is called the destructor or Finalizer
     ~ClassWithDisposeAndFinalize()
     {
        // Call our shared helper method.
        // Specifying "false" signifies that the GC triggered the cleanup.
        CleanUp(false);
     }

我今天一直在寻找这个问题的答案。我将在这里分享我的经验。我的答案是基于这个联系，因为它有我所见过的最清楚的解释。

当您的对象访问非托管资源时，您必须手动释放这些资源。这可以通过IDisposable或finalizer来完成，这意味着它们都会释放非托管资源。

经验法则: 实现IDisposable以释放非托管资源，调用方代码必须调用Dispose方法。如果调用者忘记调用Dispose()方法，您仍然可以提供一个方法来释放那些非托管资源。第一个选择是使用安全句柄来包装非托管资源。第二个选项是定义终结器。在这种情况下，建议使用安全手柄。

我认为这种联系是对这个问题最明确的答案。我不知道为什么人们在网上对这个问题给出复杂的解释。这让我很困惑，直到我找到了那个联系。

完成

Finalizers should always be protected, not public or private so that the method cannot be called from the application's code directly and at the same time, it can make a call to the base.Finalize method Finalizers should release unmanaged resources only. The framework does not guarantee that a finalizer will execute at all on any given instance. Never allocate memory in finalizers or call virtual methods from finalizers. Avoid synchronization and raising unhandled exceptions in the finalizers. The execution order of finalizers is non-deterministic—in other words, you can't rely on another object still being available within your finalizer. Do not define finalizers on value types. Don't create empty destructors. In other words, you should never explicitly define a destructor unless your class needs to clean up unmanaged resources and if you do define one, it should do some work. If, later, you no longer need to clean up unmanaged resources in the destructor, remove it altogether.

拥有

Implement IDisposable on every type that has a finalizer Ensure that an object is made unusable after making a call to the Dispose method. In other words, avoid using an object after the Dispose method has been called on it. Call Dispose on all IDisposable types once you are done with them Allow Dispose to be called multiple times without raising errors. Suppress later calls to the finalizer from within the Dispose method using the GC.SuppressFinalize method Avoid creating disposable value types Avoid throwing exceptions from within Dispose methods

处理/确定模式

Microsoft recommends that you implement both Dispose and Finalize when working with unmanaged resources. The Finalize implementation would run and the resources would still be released when the object is garbage collected even if a developer neglected to call the Dispose method explicitly. Cleanup the unmanaged resources in the Finalize method as well as Dispose method. Additionally call the Dispose method for any .NET objects that you have as components inside that class(having unmanaged resources as their member) from the Dispose method.

Finalize是backstop方法，由垃圾回收器在回收对象时调用。Dispose是“确定性清理”方法，应用程序调用它来释放有价值的本机资源(窗口句柄、数据库连接等)，当它们不再需要时，而不是让它们无限期地保留，直到GC到达对象。

作为对象的用户，您总是使用Dispose。Finalize是针对GC的。

As the implementer of a class, if you hold managed resources that ought to be disposed, you implement Dispose. If you hold native resources, you implement both Dispose and Finalize, and both call a common method that releases the native resources. These idioms are typically combined through a private Dispose(bool disposing) method, which Dispose calls with true, and Finalize calls with false. This method always frees native resources, then checks the disposing parameter, and if it is true it disposes managed resources and calls GC.SuppressFinalize.