The fastest running code would be carefully hand crafted machine code. Assembler will be almost as good. Both are very low level and it takes a lot of writing code to do things. C is a little above assembler. You still have the ability to control things at a very low level in the actual machine, but there is enough abstraction make writing it faster and easier then assembler. Other languages such as C# and JAVA are even more abstract. While Assembler and machine code are called low level languages, C# and JAVA (and many others) are called high level languages. C is sometimes called a middle level language.

主要的因素是它是一种静态类型的语言，可以编译为机器代码。此外，由于它是一种低级语言，它通常不会做任何您不让它做的事情。

这些是我想到的其他一些因素。

Variables are not automatically initialized No bounds checking on arrays Unchecked pointer manipulation No integer overflow checking Statically-typed variables Function calls are static (unless you use function pointers) Compiler writers have had lots of time to improve the optimizing code. Also, people program in C for the purpose of getting the best performance, so there's pressure to optimize the code. Parts of the language specification are implementation-defined, so compilers are free to do things in the most optimal way

大多数静态类型语言的编译速度可以和C语言一样快，甚至比C语言更快，特别是如果它们可以假设C语言因为指针别名等原因而不能这样做的话。

实际上，在某些应用程序(数字)中，甚至C也可以被击败，我指的不是汇编语言，而是老的、经常被嘲笑的Fortran。原因是，Fortran保证没有指针别名。

C语言速度很快，因为它是原生编译的低级语言。但是C不是最快的。递归斐波那契基准测试表明Rust、Crystal和Nim可以更快。

这实际上是一个长期存在的谎言。虽然C程序确实经常更快，但情况并非总是如此，特别是当C程序员不太擅长它的时候。

人们往往会忘记的一个明显的漏洞是，当程序必须为某种IO阻塞时，比如任何GUI程序中的用户输入。在这些情况下，使用什么语言并不重要，因为您受到数据传入速度的限制，而不是处理数据的速度。在这种情况下，不管你使用的是C、Java、c#甚至Perl;你不能比数据进入的速度更快。

The other major thing is that using garbage collection and not using proper pointers allows the virtual machine to make a number of optimizations not available in other languages. For instance, the JVM is capable of moving objects around on the heap to defragment it. This makes future allocations much faster since the next index can simply be used rather than looking it up in a table. Modern JVMs also don't have to actually deallocate memory; instead, they just move the live objects around when they GC and the spent memory from the dead objects is recovered essentially for free.

This also brings up an interesting point about C and even more so in C++. There is something of a design philosophy of "If you don't need it, you don't pay for it." The problem is that if you do want it, you end up paying through the nose for it. For instance, the vtable implementation in Java tends to be a lot better than C++ implementations, so virtual function calls are a lot faster. On the other hand, you have no choice but to use virtual functions in Java and they still cost something, but in programs that use a lot of virtual functions, the reduced cost adds up.

原因有很多，包括:

它被编译成汇编语言。 它是静态类型的。 没有垃圾回收。 没有异常机制。 编译器优化 C语言的哲学之一是保持简单并保持向后兼容性，而不是添加更多的特性。