这实际上是一个长期存在的谎言。虽然C程序确实经常更快，但情况并非总是如此，特别是当C程序员不太擅长它的时候。

人们往往会忘记的一个明显的漏洞是，当程序必须为某种IO阻塞时，比如任何GUI程序中的用户输入。在这些情况下，使用什么语言并不重要，因为您受到数据传入速度的限制，而不是处理数据的速度。在这种情况下，不管你使用的是C、Java、c#甚至Perl;你不能比数据进入的速度更快。

The other major thing is that using garbage collection and not using proper pointers allows the virtual machine to make a number of optimizations not available in other languages. For instance, the JVM is capable of moving objects around on the heap to defragment it. This makes future allocations much faster since the next index can simply be used rather than looking it up in a table. Modern JVMs also don't have to actually deallocate memory; instead, they just move the live objects around when they GC and the spent memory from the dead objects is recovered essentially for free.

This also brings up an interesting point about C and even more so in C++. There is something of a design philosophy of "If you don't need it, you don't pay for it." The problem is that if you do want it, you end up paying through the nose for it. For instance, the vtable implementation in Java tends to be a lot better than C++ implementations, so virtual function calls are a lot faster. On the other hand, you have no choice but to use virtual functions in Java and they still cost something, but in programs that use a lot of virtual functions, the reduced cost adds up.

我还没有看到它，所以我要说:C往往更快，因为几乎所有其他东西都是用C写的。

Java是建立在C上的，Python是建立在C上的(或者Java，或者。net等等)，Perl是等等。操作系统是用C写的，虚拟机是用C写的，编译器是用C写的，解释器是用C写的，有些东西仍然是用汇编语言写的，这往往更快。越来越多的东西是用别的东西写的，而这些东西本身就是用C写的。

您用其他语言(不是Assembly)编写的每个语句通常都在下面实现为C中的几个语句，这些语句被编译为本机机器代码。由于其他语言的存在往往是为了获得比C更高的抽象级别，因此C中所需的那些额外语句往往侧重于增加安全性、增加复杂性和提供错误处理。这些通常都是好事，但它们是有代价的，那就是速度和规模。

就我个人而言，我已经用几十种语言写过了，涵盖了大部分可用的范围，我个人也一直在寻找你暗示的魔法:

我怎样才能鱼与熊掌兼得呢?我如何在我最喜欢的语言中玩高级抽象，然后为了速度而降至C语言的细节?

经过几年的研究，我的答案是Python(在C上)。你可能想看看它。顺便说一下，您也可以从Python下拉到Assembly(从一个特殊的库中获得一些小小的帮助)。

另一方面，任何语言都可能编写出糟糕的代码。因此，C(或汇编)代码不会自动更快。同样，一些优化技巧可以使部分高级语言代码的性能水平接近原始c语言的性能水平。但是，对于大多数应用程序来说，程序的大部分时间都在等待人员或硬件，因此两者之间的差异实际上并不重要。

享受。

这都是时间和努力的问题。

给予无限的时间和努力:

汇编程序比用C语言编写的程序要快。 C程序将比用c++编写的程序更快。

固定的:给定一定的时间和努力:

c++程序比用C编写的程序要快。 C语言的程序比用汇编语言编写的程序要快。

为什么?因为你做的抽象越多，你就可以花更多的时间来优化真正重要的代码关键部分。这里的几个假设是，一个开发人员对这三种语言都有同样的能力，你不关心二进制大小、内存使用情况等。

每种抽象都有其成本效益，但应该使代码更容易、更快地编写。

不要轻信别人的话，看看在代码的任何性能关键部分，C语言和你选择的语言的反汇编。我认为你可以在Visual Studio运行时的反汇编窗口中看到已分解的. net。如果Java使用windbg有点棘手，应该是可能的，尽管如果你用。net来做，许多问题将是相同的。

如果没有必要的话，我不喜欢用C来编写，但我认为，这些回答中吹捧除C之外其他语言的速度的许多主张可以放在一边，只需用C和您选择的高级语言分解相同的例程，特别是如果涉及大量数据(这在性能关键型应用程序中很常见)。Fortran在其专业领域可能是个例外，不知道。它比C高吗?

第一次比较JITed代码和本地代码时，我解决了。net代码是否能与C代码运行得相当的所有问题。额外的抽象层次和所有的安全检查都带来了巨大的成本。同样的成本可能也适用于Java，但不要相信我的话，在性能至关重要的地方尝试一下。(有没有人足够了解JITed Java来在内存中找到一个编译过的过程?这当然是可能的)

我认为没有人提到这样一个事实，即在C编译器上投入的精力比任何其他编译器都要多，也许Java是例外。

由于前面提到的许多原因，C是非常可优化的——几乎比任何其他语言都要多。因此，如果在其他语言编译器上投入同样的精力，C可能仍然会名列前茅。

I think there is at least one candidate language that with effort could be optimized better than C and thus we could see implementations that produce faster binaries. I'm thinking of digital mars D because the creator took care to build a language that could potentially be better optimized than C. There may be other languages that have this possibility. However I cannot imagine that any language will have compilers more than just a few percent faster than the best C compilers. I would love to be wrong.

我认为真正的“唾手可得的果实”将是那些被设计为易于人类优化的语言。一个熟练的程序员可以让任何语言运行得更快——但有时你不得不做一些荒谬的事情或使用不自然的结构来实现这一点。尽管这总是需要付出努力，但一种好的语言应该产生相对快速的代码，而不必纠结于程序究竟是如何编写的。

It's also important (at least to me) that the worst case code tends to be fast. There are numerous "proofs" on the web that Java is as fast or faster than C, but that is based on cherry picking examples. I'm not big fan of C, but I know that ANYTHING I write in C is going to run well. With Java it will "probably" run within 15% of the speed, usually within 25% but in some cases it can be far worse. Any cases where it's just as fast or within a couple of percent are usually due to most of the time being spent in the library code which is heavily optimized C anyway.

The lack of abstraction is what makes C faster. If you write an output statement you know exactly what is happening. If you write an output statement in java it is getting compiled to a class file which then gets run on a virtual machine introducing a layor of abstraction. The lack of object oriented features as a part of the language also increases it's speed do to less code being generated. If you use C as an object oriented language then you are doing all the coding for things such as classes, inharitence, etc. This means rather then make something generalized enough for everyone with the amount of code and the performance penelty that requires you only write what you need to get the job done.