我猜你忘了汇编语言也是一种语言:)

但是说真的，只有当程序员知道自己在做什么的时候，C程序才会更快。你可以很容易地编写一个C程序，它比用其他语言编写的程序运行得更慢。

C语言之所以更快，是因为它就是这样设计的。它允许你做很多“低级”的事情，帮助编译器优化代码。或者，我们可以说，你程序员负责优化代码。但这通常相当棘手，而且容易出错。

其他语言，就像前面提到的其他语言一样，更关注程序员的生产力。人们普遍认为程序员的时间比机器的时间要昂贵得多(即使在过去)。因此，尽量减少程序员花在编写和调试程序上的时间，而不是减少程序的运行时间，是很有意义的。为了做到这一点，您将牺牲一些可以使程序更快的事情，因为许多事情都是自动化的。

For the most part, every C instruction corresponds to a very few assembler instructions. You are essentially writing higher level machine code, so you have control over almost everything the processor does. Many other compiled languages, such as C++, have a lot of simple looking instructions that can turn into much more code than you think it does (virtual functions, copy constructors, etc..) And interpreted languages like Java or Ruby have another layer of instructions that you never see - the Virtual Machine or Interpreter.

原因有很多，包括:

它被编译成汇编语言。 它是静态类型的。 没有垃圾回收。 没有异常机制。 编译器优化 C语言的哲学之一是保持简单并保持向后兼容性，而不是添加更多的特性。

我知道很多人都说过这句话，但是:

C更快，因为它(为你)做的更少。

这不是语言的问题，而是工具和库的问题。C语言可用的库和编译器比新语言要老得多。你可能认为这会让它们变慢，但事实恰恰相反。

这些库是在处理能力和内存非常重要的时候编写的。它们必须写得非常高效，才能发挥作用。C编译器的开发人员也花了很长时间为不同的处理器进行各种巧妙的优化。C语言的成熟和广泛采用使得它比同时期的其他语言具有显著的优势。它还使C语言在速度上比那些不像C语言那样强调原始性能的新工具更有优势。

我认为没有人提到这样一个事实，即在C编译器上投入的精力比任何其他编译器都要多，也许Java是例外。

由于前面提到的许多原因，C是非常可优化的——几乎比任何其他语言都要多。因此，如果在其他语言编译器上投入同样的精力，C可能仍然会名列前茅。

I think there is at least one candidate language that with effort could be optimized better than C and thus we could see implementations that produce faster binaries. I'm thinking of digital mars D because the creator took care to build a language that could potentially be better optimized than C. There may be other languages that have this possibility. However I cannot imagine that any language will have compilers more than just a few percent faster than the best C compilers. I would love to be wrong.

我认为真正的“唾手可得的果实”将是那些被设计为易于人类优化的语言。一个熟练的程序员可以让任何语言运行得更快——但有时你不得不做一些荒谬的事情或使用不自然的结构来实现这一点。尽管这总是需要付出努力，但一种好的语言应该产生相对快速的代码，而不必纠结于程序究竟是如何编写的。

It's also important (at least to me) that the worst case code tends to be fast. There are numerous "proofs" on the web that Java is as fast or faster than C, but that is based on cherry picking examples. I'm not big fan of C, but I know that ANYTHING I write in C is going to run well. With Java it will "probably" run within 15% of the speed, usually within 25% but in some cases it can be far worse. Any cases where it's just as fast or within a couple of percent are usually due to most of the time being spent in the library code which is heavily optimized C anyway.