1)正如其他人所说，C为你做的更少。没有初始化变量，没有数组边界检查，没有内存管理等。其他语言中的这些特性会消耗C语言不需要的内存和CPU周期。

2) Answers saying that C is less abstracted and therefore faster are only half correct I think. Technically speaking, if you had a "sufficiently advanced compiler" for language X, then language X could approach or equal the speed of C. The difference with C is that since it maps so obviously (if you've taken an architecture course) and directly to assembly language that even a naive compiler can do a decent job. For something like Python, you need a very advanced compiler to predict the probable types of objects and generate machine code on the fly -- C's semantics are simple enough that a simple compiler can do well.

C语言并不总是更快。

C语言比现代Fortran语言慢。

在某些方面，C通常比Java慢。(特别是在JIT编译器对您的代码进行了测试之后)

C允许发生指针混叠，这意味着一些好的优化是不可能的。特别是当您有多个执行单元时，这将导致数据获取停滞。噢。

指针算术工作的假设确实会导致某些CPU系列(特别是PIC !)它曾经在x86上很差劲。

基本上，当你得到一个矢量单元，或者一个并行编译器，C语言很糟糕，而现代的Fortran运行得更快。

C程序员的一些技巧，比如thking(动态修改可执行文件)会导致CPU预取暂停。

明白我的意思了吗?

而我们的好朋友x86执行的指令集，如今与实际的CPU架构关系不大。影子寄存器，负载存储优化器，都在CPU中。所以C离虚拟金属很近。真正的金属，英特尔不会让你看到。(从历史上看，VLIW CPU有点破产，所以，也许这并不是那么糟糕。)

如果你在高性能DSP上用C编程(可能是TI DSP ?)，编译器必须做一些棘手的事情，在多个并行执行单元之间展开C。因此，在这种情况下，C语言并不接近金属，但它接近编译器，它将进行整个程序优化。奇怪。

最后，一些cpu (www.ajile.com)在硬件中运行Java字节码。C将在该CPU上使用一个PITA。

撇开诸如热点优化、预编译元算法和各种形式的并行等高级优化技术不提，语言的基本速度与支持通常在内部循环中指定的操作所需的隐含的幕后复杂性密切相关。

也许最明显的方法是对间接内存引用进行有效性检查——比如检查指针是否为空，检查索引是否符合数组边界。大多数高级语言隐式地执行这些检查，但C不这样做。然而，这并不一定是这些其他语言的基本限制——一个足够聪明的编译器可能能够通过某种形式的循环不变代码运动，从算法的内部循环中删除这些检查。

C语言(在类似程度上与c++密切相关)更基本的优势是严重依赖基于堆栈的内存分配，这本质上是快速的分配、回收和访问。在C(和c++)中，主调用堆栈可用于分配原语、数组和聚合(结构/类)。

虽然C语言确实提供了动态分配任意大小和生命周期的内存的能力(使用所谓的“堆”)，但默认情况下是避免这样做的(而是使用堆栈)。

诱人的是，有时可以在其他编程语言的运行时环境中复制C内存分配策略。asm.js已经证明了这一点，它允许用C或c++编写的代码被翻译成JavaScript的子集，并以接近本机的速度安全地运行在web浏览器环境中。

As somewhat of an aside, another area where C and C++ outshine most other languages for speed is the ability to seamlessly integrate with native machine instruction sets. A notable example of this is the (compiler and platform dependent) availability of SIMD intrinsics which support the construction of custom algorithms that take advantage of the now nearly ubiquitous parallel processing hardware -- while still utilizing the data allocation abstractions provided by the language (lower-level register allocation is managed by the compiler).

For the most part, every C instruction corresponds to a very few assembler instructions. You are essentially writing higher level machine code, so you have control over almost everything the processor does. Many other compiled languages, such as C++, have a lot of simple looking instructions that can turn into much more code than you think it does (virtual functions, copy constructors, etc..) And interpreted languages like Java or Ruby have another layer of instructions that you never see - the Virtual Machine or Interpreter.

c语言并没有什么特别之处，这也是它速度快的原因之一。

新语言支持垃圾收集、动态类型和其他功能，使程序员更容易编写程序。

问题在于，会有额外的处理开销，这会降低应用程序的性能。C语言没有这些，这意味着没有开销，但这意味着程序员需要能够分配内存并释放它们以防止内存泄漏，并且必须处理变量的静态类型。

也就是说，许多语言和平台，如Java(其Java虚拟机)和。net(其公共语言运行时)，多年来通过即时编译(从字节码生成本机机器代码以实现更高性能)等技术改进了性能。

The lack of abstraction is what makes C faster. If you write an output statement you know exactly what is happening. If you write an output statement in java it is getting compiled to a class file which then gets run on a virtual machine introducing a layor of abstraction. The lack of object oriented features as a part of the language also increases it's speed do to less code being generated. If you use C as an object oriented language then you are doing all the coding for things such as classes, inharitence, etc. This means rather then make something generalized enough for everyone with the amount of code and the performance penelty that requires you only write what you need to get the job done.