"Static" keyword makes the variable property of the class rather than individual instances of the class. There will be one copy of that variable that is shared amongst all the instances of that class. Any change in the state of the static variable will be reflected across all the instances. Add final to static and we get a variable that has been initialised once and for all at the class loading time and cannot be changed later by any instance of the class. Static final variables need to be initialised at the declaration time else we have compile time error. As far as private instance field is concerned, it refers to the property /state of an object /instance of a class. Each instance /object of the class will have its own copy of instance variable. When instance variable is declared final, it means we cannot change its value for this instance. For this we need to initialise the final variable either at declaration or in the constructor.If its not done in either of them, compile time error will show. Once initialised, if you try to reassign a value you will get a compile time error. Use static final variables where the data will be shared across all the instances of the class and you want the data to be read only.Use instance final variable if you want to represent some data that belongs to a each individual instance of the class but once stored cannot be changed. Usage of static and instance key word depends upon your design needs and what that data represents in the domain. If the data is used across the class instances then there is no need for individual copies/memory references for each object.

非常少，而且是静态的

因为它们都是常数，所以区别不大。对于大多数类数据对象，静态意味着与类本身相关联的东西，无论用new创建了多少个对象，都只有一个副本。

因为它是一个常量，所以它实际上可能不会存储在类中或实例中，但是编译器仍然不会让你从静态方法访问实例对象，即使它知道它们会是什么。如果您不使反射API成为静态的，那么它的存在也可能需要一些无意义的工作。

如果你使用static，变量的值将在你所有的实例中是相同的，如果在一个实例中改变了，其他实例也会改变。

通常，静态意味着“与类型本身相关联，而不是与类型的实例相关联”。

这意味着您可以在不创建类型实例的情况下引用静态变量，并且引用该变量的任何代码都引用完全相同的数据。将其与实例变量进行比较:在这种情况下，类的每个实例都有一个独立的变量版本。例如:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
x.instanceVariable = 10;
y.instanceVariable = 20;
System.out.println(x.instanceVariable);

y. instancvariable和x. instancvariable是分开的，因为x和y指向不同的对象。

您可以通过引用引用静态成员，尽管这样做不是一个好主意。如果我们这样做:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
x.staticVariable = 10;
y.staticVariable = 20;
System.out.println(x.staticVariable);

然后输出20个变量——只有一个变量，而不是每个实例一个变量。这样写会更清楚:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
Test.staticVariable = 10;
Test.staticVariable = 20;
System.out.println(Test.staticVariable);

这使得这种行为更加明显。现代ide通常建议将第二个清单改为第三个清单。

没有理由像下面这样使用内联声明初始化值，因为每个实例都有自己的NUMBER，但总是具有相同的值(不可变并使用文字初始化)。这与所有实例只有一个最终静态变量是一样的。

private final int NUMBER = 10;

因此，如果它不能更改，就没有必要为每个实例提供一个副本。

但是，如果在这样的构造函数中初始化是有意义的:

// No initialization when is declared
private final int number;

public MyClass(int n) {
   // The variable can be assigned in the constructor, but then
   // not modified later.
   number = n;
}

现在，对于MyClass的每个实例，我们可以有一个不同但不可变的number值。

假设类永远不会有多个实例，那么哪个实例占用更多内存:

私有静态最终int ID = 250; 或 private final int ID = 250;

我已经理解，静态将引用类类型，在内存中只有一个副本，而非静态将在每个实例变量的新内存位置。但是在内部，如果我们只是比较同一个类的1个实例(即不会创建多个实例)，那么在1个静态final变量所使用的空间方面是否有任何开销?

"Static" keyword makes the variable property of the class rather than individual instances of the class. There will be one copy of that variable that is shared amongst all the instances of that class. Any change in the state of the static variable will be reflected across all the instances. Add final to static and we get a variable that has been initialised once and for all at the class loading time and cannot be changed later by any instance of the class. Static final variables need to be initialised at the declaration time else we have compile time error. As far as private instance field is concerned, it refers to the property /state of an object /instance of a class. Each instance /object of the class will have its own copy of instance variable. When instance variable is declared final, it means we cannot change its value for this instance. For this we need to initialise the final variable either at declaration or in the constructor.If its not done in either of them, compile time error will show. Once initialised, if you try to reassign a value you will get a compile time error. Use static final variables where the data will be shared across all the instances of the class and you want the data to be read only.Use instance final variable if you want to represent some data that belongs to a each individual instance of the class but once stored cannot be changed. Usage of static and instance key word depends upon your design needs and what that data represents in the domain. If the data is used across the class instances then there is no need for individual copies/memory references for each object.