我试图在运行时生成一个渐变颜色背景(纯色到透明)的视图。有办法做到吗?
当前回答
我已经使用Swift的扩展功能和枚举扩展了接受的答案。
哦,如果你像我一样使用Storyboard,一定要在viewDidLayoutSubviews()或以后调用gradientBackground(from:to:direction:)。
斯威夫特3
enum GradientDirection {
case leftToRight
case rightToLeft
case topToBottom
case bottomToTop
}
extension UIView {
func gradientBackground(from color1: UIColor, to color2: UIColor, direction: GradientDirection) {
let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
gradient.frame = self.bounds
gradient.colors = [color1.cgColor, color2.cgColor]
switch direction {
case .leftToRight:
gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 0.5)
gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 0.5)
case .rightToLeft:
gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 1.0, y: 0.5)
gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 0.5)
case .bottomToTop:
gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 1.0)
gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 0.0)
default:
break
}
self.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)
}
}
其他回答
快速的方法
This answer builds on the answers above and provides implementation for dealing with the problem of the gradient not being properly applied during rotation. It satisfies this problem by changing the gradient layer to a square so that rotation in all directions results in a correct gradient. The function signature includes a Swift variadic argument that allows one to pass in as many CGColorRef's (CGColor) as needed (see sample usage). Also provided is an example as a Swift extension so that one can apply a gradient to any UIView.
func configureGradientBackground(colors:CGColorRef...){
let gradient: CAGradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
let maxWidth = max(self.view.bounds.size.height,self.view.bounds.size.width)
let squareFrame = CGRect(origin: self.view.bounds.origin, size: CGSizeMake(maxWidth, maxWidth))
gradient.frame = squareFrame
gradient.colors = colors
view.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
}
使用方法:
在viewDidLoad ...
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
configureGradientBackground(UIColor.redColor().CGColor, UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor)
}
扩展的实现
extension CALayer {
func configureGradientBackground(colors:CGColorRef...){
let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
let maxWidth = max(self.bounds.size.height,self.bounds.size.width)
let squareFrame = CGRect(origin: self.bounds.origin, size: CGSizeMake(maxWidth, maxWidth))
gradient.frame = squareFrame
gradient.colors = colors
self.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
}
}
扩展用例示例:
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.view.layer.configureGradientBackground(UIColor.purpleColor().CGColor, UIColor.blueColor().CGColor, UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor)
}
这意味着渐变背景现在可以应用到任何UIControl,因为所有的控件都是UIViews(或子类),所有的UIViews都有calayer。
斯威夫特4
扩展的实现
extension CALayer {
public func configureGradientBackground(_ colors:CGColor...){
let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
let maxWidth = max(self.bounds.size.height,self.bounds.size.width)
let squareFrame = CGRect(origin: self.bounds.origin, size: CGSize(width: maxWidth, height: maxWidth))
gradient.frame = squareFrame
gradient.colors = colors
self.insertSublayer(gradient, at: 0)
}
}
扩展用例示例:
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.view.layer.configureGradientBackground(UIColor.purple.cgColor, UIColor.blue.cgColor, UIColor.white.cgColor)
}
你要找的是CAGradientLayer。每个UIView都有一个层-在这个层中你可以添加子层,就像你可以添加子视图一样。一个特定的类型是CAGradientLayer,在这里你给它一个颜色数组来渐变。
一个例子是这个简单的渐变视图包装器:
http://oleb.net/blog/2010/04/obgradientview-a-simple-uiview-wrapper-for-cagradientlayer/
注意,为了访问UIView的所有层部分,你需要包括QuartZCore框架。
迅速实现:
var gradientLayerView: UIView = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, view.bounds.width, 50))
var gradient: CAGradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
gradient.frame = gradientLayerView.bounds
gradient.colors = [UIColor.grayColor().CGColor, UIColor.clearColor().CGColor]
gradientLayerView.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
self.view.layer.insertSublayer(gradientLayerView.layer, atIndex: 0)
你可以创建一个自定义类GradientView:
斯威夫特5
class GradientView: UIView {
override open class var layerClass: AnyClass {
return CAGradientLayer.classForCoder()
}
required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
super.init(coder: aDecoder)
let gradientLayer = layer as! CAGradientLayer
gradientLayer.colors = [UIColor.white.cgColor, UIColor.black.cgColor]
}
}
在故事板中,将类类型设置为你想要有渐变背景的任何视图:
这在以下方面是更好的:
不需要设置框架的克莱尔 像往常一样在UIView上使用NSConstraint 不需要创建子层(更少的内存使用)
这是我推荐的方法。
为了提高可重用性,我建议创建一个CAGradientLayer类别,并添加所需的渐变作为类方法。在头文件中像这样指定它们:
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
@interface CAGradientLayer (SJSGradients)
+ (CAGradientLayer *)redGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)blueGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)turquoiseGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)flavescentGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)whiteGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)chocolateGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)tangerineGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)pastelBlueGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)yellowGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)purpleGradientLayer;
+ (CAGradientLayer *)greenGradientLayer;
@end
然后在你的实现文件中,用下面的语法指定每个渐变:
+ (CAGradientLayer *)flavescentGradientLayer
{
UIColor *topColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:1 green:0.92 blue:0.56 alpha:1];
UIColor *bottomColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.18 green:0.18 blue:0.18 alpha:1];
NSArray *gradientColors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)topColor.CGColor, (id)bottomColor.CGColor, nil];
NSArray *gradientLocations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:0.0],[NSNumber numberWithInt:1.0], nil];
CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer];
gradientLayer.colors = gradientColors;
gradientLayer.locations = gradientLocations;
return gradientLayer;
}
然后简单地将这个类别导入你的ViewController或任何其他所需的子类,并像这样使用它:
CAGradientLayer *backgroundLayer = [CAGradientLayer purpleGradientLayer];
backgroundLayer.frame = self.view.frame;
[self.view.layer insertSublayer:backgroundLayer atIndex:0];
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