我试图使用Java 8流在LinkedList中查找元素。但是,我想保证与筛选条件有且只有一个匹配。

以这段代码为例:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    LinkedList<User> users = new LinkedList<>();
    users.add(new User(1, "User1"));
    users.add(new User(2, "User2"));
    users.add(new User(3, "User3"));

    User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).findAny().get();
    System.out.println(match.toString());
}

static class User {

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return id + " - " + username;
    }

    int id;
    String username;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String username) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
}

这段代码根据用户的ID查找用户。但是不能保证有多少用户匹配过滤器。

更改过滤器行为:

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).findAny().get();

将抛出一个NoSuchElementException(很好!)

但是,如果有多个匹配,我希望它抛出一个错误。有办法做到这一点吗?


当前回答

受到@skiwi的启发,我用下面的方法解决了这个问题:

public static <T> T toSingleton(Stream<T> stream) {
    List<T> list = stream.limit(1).collect(Collectors.toList());
    if (list.isEmpty()) {
        return null;
    } else {
        return list.get(0);
    }
}

然后:

User user = toSingleton(users.stream().filter(...).map(...));

其他回答

使用Guava的morecolltors . onlyelement()(源代码)。

如果流包含两个或多个元素,则抛出IllegalArgumentException异常;如果流为空,则抛出NoSuchElementException异常。

用法:

import static com.google.common.collect.MoreCollectors.onlyElement;

User match =
    users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).collect(onlyElement());

另一种选择是使用reduction: (本例使用字符串,但可以轻松应用于包括User在内的任何对象类型)

List<String> list = ImmutableList.of("one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "two");
String match = list.stream().filter("two"::equals).reduce(thereCanBeOnlyOne()).get();
//throws NoSuchElementException if there are no matching elements - "zero"
//throws RuntimeException if duplicates are found - "two"
//otherwise returns the match - "one"
...

//Reduction operator that throws RuntimeException if there are duplicates
private static <T> BinaryOperator<T> thereCanBeOnlyOne()
{
    return (a, b) -> {throw new RuntimeException("Duplicate elements found: " + a + " and " + b);};
}

所以对于User的情况,你会有:

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).reduce(thereCanBeOnlyOne()).get();

你试过这个吗

long c = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).count();
if(c > 1){
    throw new IllegalStateException();
}

long count()
Returns the count of elements in this stream. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:

     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();

This is a terminal operation.

来源:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html

如果你不介意使用第三方库,来自cyclops-streams的SequenceM(和来自simple-react的LazyFutureStream)都有single和singleOptional操作符。

如果流中有0个或多个元素,singleOptional()将抛出异常,否则将返回单个值。

String result = SequenceM.of("x")
                          .single();

SequenceM.of().single(); // NoSuchElementException

SequenceM.of(1, 2, 3).single(); // NoSuchElementException

String result = LazyFutureStream.fromStream(Stream.of("x"))
                          .single();

如果流中没有值或有多个值,singleOptional()返回Optional.empty()。

Optional<String> result = SequenceM.fromStream(Stream.of("x"))
                          .singleOptional(); 
//Optional["x"]

Optional<String> result = SequenceM.of().singleOptional(); 
// Optional.empty

Optional<String> result =  SequenceM.of(1, 2, 3).singleOptional(); 
// Optional.empty

披露-我是这两个库的作者。

收藏家。toMap(keyMapper, valueMapper)使用抛出合并来处理具有相同键的多个条目,这很简单:

List<User> users = new LinkedList<>();
users.add(new User(1, "User1"));
users.add(new User(2, "User2"));
users.add(new User(3, "User3"));

int id = 1;
User match = Optional.ofNullable(users.stream()
  .filter(user -> user.getId() == id)
  .collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getId, Function.identity()))
  .get(id)).get();

对于重复的键,您将得到一个IllegalStateException。但在最后,我不确定如果使用if,代码是否会更可读。