假设我有这样的伪代码:
bool conditionA = executeStepA();
if (conditionA){
bool conditionB = executeStepB();
if (conditionB){
bool conditionC = executeStepC();
if (conditionC){
...
}
}
}
executeThisFunctionInAnyCase();
函数executeStepX当且仅当前一个成功时执行。
在任何情况下,executeThisFunctionInAnyCase函数都应该在最后被调用。
我在编程方面是一个新手,所以很抱歉提出一个非常基本的问题:有没有一种方法(例如在C/ c++中)以代码易读性为代价,避免长if链产生那种“金字塔式代码”?
我知道如果我们可以跳过executeThisFunctionInAnyCase函数调用,代码可以简化为:
bool conditionA = executeStepA();
if (!conditionA) return;
bool conditionB = executeStepB();
if (!conditionB) return;
bool conditionC = executeStepC();
if (!conditionC) return;
但是约束是executeThisFunctionInAnyCase函数调用。
break语句可以以某种方式使用吗?
关于当前的代码示例,本质上是第二个问题,
[...block of code...]
bool conditionA = executeStepA();
if (conditionA){
[...block of code...]
bool conditionB = executeStepB();
if (conditionB){
[...block of code...]
bool conditionC = executeStepC();
if (conditionC){
...other checks again...
}
}
}
executeThisFunctionInAnyCase();
除了将函数结果存储在变量中之外,这是典型的C代码。
如果布尔函数导致信号失败,那么c++的方法是使用异常,并将其编码为
struct Finals{ ~Finals() { executeThisFunctionInAnyCase(); } };
Finals finals;
// [...block of code...]
executeStepA();
// [...block of code...]
executeStepB();
// [...block of code...]
executeStepC();
//...other checks again...
然而,根据实际问题的不同,细节可能会有很大差异。
当我需要这样的通用最终操作时,我通常使用通用范围保护类,而不是当场定义一个自定义结构。作用域保护是由Petru Marginean为c++ 98发明的,然后使用临时生命周期扩展技巧。在c++ 11中,一般的范围保护类可以基于提供lambda表达式的客户端代码简单地实现。
在问题的最后,你建议了一个很好的C方法来做到这一点,即使用break语句:
for( ;; ) // As a block one can 'break' out of.
{
// [...block of code...]
if( !executeStepA() ) { break; }
// [...block of code...]
if( !executeStepB() ) { break; }
// [...block of code...]
if( !executeStepC() ) { break; }
//...other checks again...
break;
}
executeThisFunctionInAnyCase();
或者,对于C,将代码块中的代码重构为一个单独的函数,并使用return而不是break。因为它支持嵌套循环或开关,所以这更清楚也更通用。然而,你问的是休息。
与基于异常的c++方法相比,这种方法依赖于程序员记得检查每个函数的结果,并做正确的事情,这两者在c++中都是自动化的。
如果条件被移动到单独的步骤下,条件可以被简化,这是一个c#伪代码,
其思想是使用编排而不是中央编排。
void Main()
{
Request request = new Request();
Response response = null;
// enlist all the processors
var processors = new List<IProcessor>() {new StepA() };
var factory = new ProcessorFactory(processors);
// execute as a choreography rather as a central orchestration.
var processor = factory.Get(request, response);
while (processor != null)
{
processor.Handle(request, out response);
processor = factory.Get(request, response);
}
// final result...
//response
}
public class Request
{
}
public class Response
{
}
public interface IProcessor
{
bool CanProcess(Request request, Response response);
bool Handle(Request request, out Response response);
}
public interface IProcessorFactory
{
IProcessor Get(Request request, Response response);
}
public class ProcessorFactory : IProcessorFactory
{
private readonly IEnumerable<IProcessor> processors;
public ProcessorFactory(IEnumerable<IProcessor> processors)
{
this.processors = processors;
}
public IProcessor Get(Request request, Response response)
{
// this is an iterator
var matchingProcessors = processors.Where(x => x.CanProcess(request, response)).ToArray();
if (!matchingProcessors.Any())
{
return null;
}
return matchingProcessors[0];
}
}
// Individual request processors, you will have many of these...
public class StepA: IProcessor
{
public bool CanProcess(Request request, Response response)
{
// Validate wether this can be processed -- if condition here
return false;
}
public bool Handle(Request request, out Response response)
{
response = null;
return false;
}
}
As @Jefffrey said, you can use the conditional short-circuit feature in almost every language, I personally dislike conditional statements with more than 2 condition (more than a single && or ||), just a matter of style. This code does the same (and probably would compile the same) and it looks a bit cleaner to me. You don't need curly braces, breaks, returns, functions, lambdas (only c++11), objects, etc. as long as every function in executeStepX() returns a value that can be cast to true if the next statement is to be executed or false otherwise.
if (executeStepA())
if (executeStepB())
if (executeStepC())
//...
if (executeStepN()); // <-- note the ';'
executeThisFunctionInAnyCase();
任何时候,任何函数返回false,都不会调用下一个函数。
我喜欢@Mayerz的答案,因为你可以在运行时改变要调用的函数(以及它们的顺序)。这有点像观察者模式,其中有一组订阅者(函数、对象等),只要满足给定的任意条件,就会调用和执行这些订阅者。在许多情况下,这可能是一个过度杀戮,所以明智地使用它:)