从http://www.lengrand.fr/2011/12/pythonunittest-assertraises-raises-error/:

首先，这里是dum_function.py文件中对应的(仍然是dum:p)函数:

def square_value(a):
   """
   Returns the square value of a.
   """
   try:
       out = a*a
   except TypeError:
       raise TypeError("Input should be a string:")

   return out

下面是要执行的测试(只插入这个测试):

import dum_function as df # Import function module
import unittest
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
   """
      The class inherits from unittest
      """
   def setUp(self):
       """
       This method is called before each test
       """
       self.false_int = "A"

   def tearDown(self):
       """
       This method is called after each test
       """
       pass
      #---
         ## TESTS
   def test_square_value(self):
       # assertRaises(excClass, callableObj) prototype
       self.assertRaises(TypeError, df.square_value(self.false_int))

   if __name__ == "__main__":
       unittest.main()

现在我们准备好测试我们的函数了!下面是运行测试时发生的情况:

======================================================================
ERROR: test_square_value (__main__.Test)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_dum_function.py", line 22, in test_square_value
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, df.square_value(self.false_int))
  File "/home/jlengrand/Desktop/function.py", line 8, in square_value
    raise TypeError("Input should be a string:")
TypeError: Input should be a string:

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

FAILED (errors=1)

TypeError实际上被引发，并生成一个测试失败。问题是，这正是我们想要的行为:s。

要避免此错误，只需在测试调用中使用lambda运行函数:

self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: df.square_value(self.false_int))

最终输出:

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

OK

完美!

．.． 对我来说也是完美的!!

非常感谢，Julien Lengrand-Lambert先生。

这个测试断言实际上返回一个假阳性。这是因为'assertRaises'中的lambda是引发类型错误的单元，而不是被测试的函数。

对于await/async aiounittest有一个稍微不同的模式:

https://aiounittest.readthedocs.io/en/latest/asynctestcase.html#aiounittest.AsyncTestCase

async def test_await_async_fail(self):
    with self.assertRaises(Exception) as e:
        await async_one()

你可以使用unittest模块中的assertRaises:

import unittest

class TestClass():
  def raises_exception(self):
    raise Exception("test")

class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
  def test_if_method_raises_correct_exception(self):
    test_class = TestClass()
    # Note that you don’t use () when passing the method to assertRaises
    self.assertRaises(Exception, test_class.raises_exception)

我之前回答中的代码可以简化为:

def test_afunction_throws_exception(self):
    self.assertRaises(ExpectedException, afunction)

如果一个函数有参数，就像这样把它们传递给assertRaises:

def test_afunction_throws_exception(self):
    self.assertRaises(ExpectedException, afunction, arg1, arg2)

虽然所有的答案都很好，但我正在寻找一种方法来测试一个函数是否引发了异常，而不依赖于单元测试框架，也不必编写测试类。

最后我写下了以下内容:

def assert_error(e, x):
    try:
        e(x)
    except:
        return
    raise AssertionError()

def failing_function(x):
    raise ValueError()

def dummy_function(x):
    return x

if __name__=="__main__":
    assert_error(failing_function, 0)
    assert_error(dummy_function, 0)

它在右边行上失败了:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "assert_error.py", line 16, in <module>
    assert_error(dummy_function, 0)
  File "assert_error.py", line 6, in assert_error
    raise AssertionError()
AssertionError

如果你正在使用pytest，你可以使用pytest.raise (Exception):

例子:

def test_div_zero():
    with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
        1/0

结果是:

$ py.test
================= test session starts =================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.6.6 -- py-1.4.20 -- pytest-2.5.2 -- /usr/bin/python
collected 1 items

tests/test_div_zero.py:6: test_div_zero PASSED

或者你可以构建自己的上下文管理器来检查异常是否被引发。

import contextlib

@contextlib.contextmanager
def raises(exception):
    try:
        yield
    except exception as e:
        assert True
    else:
        assert False

然后你可以像这样使用加薪:

with raises(Exception):
    print "Hola"  # Calls assert False

with raises(Exception):
    raise Exception  # Calls assert True