对于任何想知道如何从Python程序调用pip list的人，您可以使用以下方法:

import pip
pip.main(['list])  # this will print all the packages

PIP冻结可以找到所有的包，但是你可以简单地写下面的命令来列出python包所在的所有路径。

>>> import site; site.getsitepackages()
['/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages']

解决方案

不要与pip > 10.0一起使用!

我从Python脚本中获得一个类似于pip的冻结列表的50美分:

import pip
installed_packages = pip.get_installed_distributions()
installed_packages_list = sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version)
     for i in installed_packages])
print(installed_packages_list)

作为(太长的)一行:

sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version) for i in pip.get_installed_distributions()])

给:

['behave==1.2.4', 'enum34==1.0', 'flask==0.10.1', 'itsdangerous==0.24', 
 'jinja2==2.7.2', 'jsonschema==2.3.0', 'markupsafe==0.23', 'nose==1.3.3', 
 'parse-type==0.3.4', 'parse==1.6.4', 'prettytable==0.7.2', 'requests==2.3.0',
 'six==1.6.1', 'vioozer-metadata==0.1', 'vioozer-users-server==0.1', 
 'werkzeug==0.9.4']

范围

该解决方案适用于系统作用域或虚拟环境作用域，涵盖了由setuptools、pip和easy_install(但愿不会)安装的包。

我的用例

我将这个调用的结果添加到我的flask服务器，所以当我用http://example.com/exampleServer/environment调用它时，我得到了服务器的virtualenv上安装的包的列表。它使调试变得更加容易。

警告

我注意到这种技术的一个奇怪行为——当Python解释器在与setup.py文件相同的目录中调用时，它不会列出setup.py安装的包。

复制步骤:

Create a virtual environment

$ cd /tmp
$ virtualenv test_env
New python executable in test_env/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.
$ source test_env/bin/activate
(test_env) $ 

Clone a git repo with setup.py

(test_env) $ git clone https://github.com/behave/behave.git
Cloning into 'behave'...
remote: Reusing existing pack: 4350, done.
remote: Total 4350 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (4350/4350), 1.85 MiB | 418.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (2388/2388), done.
Checking connectivity... done.

我们在/tmp/behave中有下面的setup.py:

(test_env) $ ls /tmp/behave/setup.py
/tmp/behave/setup.py

Install the python package from the git repo

(test_env) $ cd /tmp/behave && pip install . 
running install
...
Installed /private/tmp/test_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/enum34-1.0-py2.7.egg
Finished processing dependencies for behave==1.2.5a1

如果我们从/tmp运行上述解决方案

>>> import pip
>>> sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version) for i in pip.get_installed_distributions()])
['behave==1.2.5a1', 'enum34==1.0', 'parse-type==0.3.4', 'parse==1.6.4', 'six==1.6.1']
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/private/tmp'

如果我们从/tmp/behave中运行上述解决方案

>>> import pip
>>> sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version) for i in pip.get_installed_distributions()])
['enum34==1.0', 'parse-type==0.3.4', 'parse==1.6.4', 'six==1.6.1']
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/private/tmp/behave'

第二个例子中没有Behave ==1.2.5a1，因为工作目录包含了Behave的setup.py文件。

我在文件中找不到任何关于这个问题的资料。也许我该为它打开一只虫子。

在windows上，在cmd中输入这个

c:\python\libs>python -m pip freeze

此解决方案主要基于importlib和pkgutil模块，并与CPython 3.4和CPython 3.5一起工作，但不支持CPython 2。

---

解释

sys。Builtin_module_names -命名所有内置模块(看我的答案在这里) iter_modules() -返回所有可用模块的信息 Importlib.util.find_spec() -返回关于导入模块的信息，如果存在的话 BuiltinImporter -内置模块(文档)的导入器 SourceFileLoader -标准Python模块的导入器(默认扩展名为*.py) ExtensionFileLoader——作为共享库的模块导入器(用C或c++编写)

---

完整代码

import sys
import os
import shutil
import pkgutil
import importlib
import collections

if sys.version_info.major == 2:
    raise NotImplementedError('CPython 2 is not supported yet')


def main():

    # name this file (module)
    this_module_name = os.path.basename(__file__).rsplit('.')[0]

    # dict for loaders with their modules
    loaders = collections.OrderedDict()

    # names`s of build-in modules
    for module_name in sys.builtin_module_names:

        # find an information about a module by name
        module = importlib.util.find_spec(module_name)

        # add a key about a loader in the dict, if not exists yet
        if module.loader not in loaders:
            loaders[module.loader] = []

        # add a name and a location about imported module in the dict
        loaders[module.loader].append((module.name, module.origin))

    # all available non-build-in modules
    for module_name in pkgutil.iter_modules():

        # ignore this module
        if this_module_name == module_name[1]:
            continue

        # find an information about a module by name
        module = importlib.util.find_spec(module_name[1])

        # add a key about a loader in the dict, if not exists yet
        loader = type(module.loader)
        if loader not in loaders:
            loaders[loader] = []

        # add a name and a location about imported module in the dict
        loaders[loader].append((module.name, module.origin))

    # pretty print
    line = '-' * shutil.get_terminal_size().columns
    for loader, modules in loaders.items():
        print('{0}\n{1}: {2}\n{0}'.format(line, len(modules), loader))
        for module in modules:
            print('{0:30} | {1}'.format(module[0], module[1]))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

---

使用

对于CPython3.5(截断)

$ python3.5 python_modules_info.py 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30: <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_ast                           | built-in
_codecs                        | built-in
_collections                   | built-in
_functools                     | built-in
_imp                           | None
_io                            | built-in
_locale                        | built-in
_operator                      | built-in
_signal                        | built-in
_sre                           | built-in
_stat                          | built-in
_string                        | built-in
_symtable                      | built-in
_thread                        | built-in
(****************************truncated*******************************)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
227: <class '_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader'>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
__future__                     | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/__future__.py
_bootlocale                    | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_bootlocale.py
_collections_abc               | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_collections_abc.py
_compat_pickle                 | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_compat_pickle.py
_compression                   | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_compression.py
_dummy_thread                  | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_dummy_thread.py
_markupbase                    | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_markupbase.py
_osx_support                   | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_osx_support.py
_pydecimal                     | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_pydecimal.py
_pyio                          | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_pyio.py
_sitebuiltins                  | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/_sitebuiltins.py
(****************************truncated*******************************)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
64: <class '_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader'>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_bisect                        | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_bisect.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_bz2                           | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_bz2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_cn                     | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_hk                     | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_iso2022                | /usr/local/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
(****************************truncated*******************************)

对于CPython3.4(截断)

$ python3.4 python_modules_info.py
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54: <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_ast                           | built-in
_bisect                        | built-in
_codecs                        | built-in
_collections                   | built-in
_datetime                      | built-in
_elementtree                   | built-in
_functools                     | built-in
_heapq                         | built-in
_imp                           | None
_io                            | built-in
_locale                        | built-in
_md5                           | built-in
_operator                      | built-in
_pickle                        | built-in
_posixsubprocess               | built-in
_random                        | built-in
(****************************truncated*******************************)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
246: <class '_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader'>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
__future__                     | /usr/lib/python3.4/__future__.py
_bootlocale                    | /usr/lib/python3.4/_bootlocale.py
_collections_abc               | /usr/lib/python3.4/_collections_abc.py
_compat_pickle                 | /usr/lib/python3.4/_compat_pickle.py
_dummy_thread                  | /usr/lib/python3.4/_dummy_thread.py
_markupbase                    | /usr/lib/python3.4/_markupbase.py
_osx_support                   | /usr/lib/python3.4/_osx_support.py
_pyio                          | /usr/lib/python3.4/_pyio.py
(****************************truncated*******************************)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44: <class '_frozen_importlib.ExtensionFileLoader'>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_bz2                           | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_bz2.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_cn                     | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_hk                     | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_iso2022                | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_jp                     | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_kr                     | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_codecs_tw                     | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
_crypt                         | /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_crypt.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
(****************************truncated*******************************)

除了使用pip freeze，我还在虚拟环境中安装了蛋黄。