在C/ c++(以及该家族的许多语言)中，根据条件声明和初始化变量的常用习语使用三元条件操作符:
int index = val > 0 ? val : -val
Go没有条件运算符。实现上面同一段代码的最惯用的方法是什么?我想出了下面的解决方案，但它似乎相当啰嗦
var index int
if val > 0 {
index = val
} else {
index = -val
}
还有更好的办法吗?
当前回答
埃尔德的回答既有趣又有创意，甚至可以说很聪明。
但是，建议改为:
var index int
if val > 0 {
index = printPositiveAndReturn(val)
} else {
index = slowlyReturn(-val) // or slowlyNegate(val)
}
是的，它们都编译成本质上相同的程序集，但是这段代码比调用匿名函数只返回一个可以首先写入变量的值要清晰得多。
基本上，简单清晰的代码比有创意的代码更好。
此外，任何使用map文字的代码都不是一个好主意，因为在Go中映射根本不是轻量级的。自Go 1.3以来，小型地图的随机迭代顺序得到了保证，为了加强这一点，小型地图的内存效率大大降低。
As a result, making and removing numerous small maps is both space-consuming and time-consuming. I had a piece of code that used a small map (two or three keys, are likely, but common use case was only one entry) But the code was dog slow. We're talking at least 3 orders of magnitude slower than the same code rewritten to use a dual slice key[index]=>data[index] map. And likely was more. As some operations that were previously taking a couple of minutes to run, started completing in milliseconds.\
其他回答
No Go没有三元运算符。使用if/else语法是惯用的方法。
Why does Go not have the ?: operator? There is no ternary testing operation in Go. You may use the following to achieve the same result: if expr { n = trueVal } else { n = falseVal } The reason ?: is absent from Go is that the language's designers had seen the operation used too often to create impenetrably complex expressions. The if-else form, although longer, is unquestionably clearer. A language needs only one conditional control flow construct. — Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - The Go Programming Language
正如所指出的(希望这并不令人意外)，使用if+else确实是在Go中执行条件语句的惯用方式。
除了完整的var+if+else代码块之外，这种拼写也经常被使用:
index := val
if val <= 0 {
index = -val
}
如果你有一段重复的代码，比如int value = a <= b ?A: b，你可以创建一个函数来保存它:
func min(a, b int) int {
if a <= b {
return a
}
return b
}
...
value := min(a, b)
编译器将内联这些简单的函数，所以它更快，更清楚，更简短。
没有括号，map三元很容易读:
c := map[bool]int{true: 1, false: 0} [5 > 4]
埃尔德的回答既有趣又有创意，甚至可以说很聪明。
但是，建议改为:
var index int
if val > 0 {
index = printPositiveAndReturn(val)
} else {
index = slowlyReturn(-val) // or slowlyNegate(val)
}
是的，它们都编译成本质上相同的程序集，但是这段代码比调用匿名函数只返回一个可以首先写入变量的值要清晰得多。
基本上，简单清晰的代码比有创意的代码更好。
此外，任何使用map文字的代码都不是一个好主意，因为在Go中映射根本不是轻量级的。自Go 1.3以来，小型地图的随机迭代顺序得到了保证，为了加强这一点，小型地图的内存效率大大降低。
As a result, making and removing numerous small maps is both space-consuming and time-consuming. I had a piece of code that used a small map (two or three keys, are likely, but common use case was only one entry) But the code was dog slow. We're talking at least 3 orders of magnitude slower than the same code rewritten to use a dual slice key[index]=>data[index] map. And likely was more. As some operations that were previously taking a couple of minutes to run, started completing in milliseconds.\
正如其他人所注意到的，golang没有三元运算符或任何等价的运算符。这是一个经过深思熟虑的决定，旨在提高可读性。
这最近让我遇到了一个场景，以一种非常有效的方式构建位掩码，在习惯地编写时变得很难阅读，或者在封装为函数时非常低效，或者两者兼有，因为代码产生分支:
package lib
func maskIfTrue(mask uint64, predicate bool) uint64 {
if predicate {
return mask
}
return 0
}
生产:
text "".maskIfTrue(SB), NOSPLIT|ABIInternal, $0-24
funcdata $0, gclocals·33cdeccccebe80329f1fdbee7f5874cb(SB)
funcdata $1, gclocals·33cdeccccebe80329f1fdbee7f5874cb(SB)
movblzx "".predicate+16(SP), AX
testb AL, AL
jeq maskIfTrue_pc20
movq "".mask+8(SP), AX
movq AX, "".~r2+24(SP)
ret
maskIfTrue_pc20:
movq $0, "".~r2+24(SP)
ret
我从中学到的是多利用一点围棋;在函数中使用一个命名的结果(result int)为我节省了在函数中声明它的一行(你可以用capture做同样的事情)，但是编译器也识别这个习惯用法(只分配一个值IF)，并在可能的情况下将其替换为条件指令。
func zeroOrOne(predicate bool) (result int) {
if predicate {
result = 1
}
return
}
产生无分支的结果:
movblzx "".predicate+8(SP), AX
movq AX, "".result+16(SP)
ret
然后自由内联。
package lib
func zeroOrOne(predicate bool) (result int) {
if predicate {
result = 1
}
return
}
type Vendor1 struct {
Property1 int
Property2 float32
Property3 bool
}
// Vendor2 bit positions.
const (
Property1Bit = 2
Property2Bit = 3
Property3Bit = 5
)
func Convert1To2(v1 Vendor1) (result int) {
result |= zeroOrOne(v1.Property1 == 1) << Property1Bit
result |= zeroOrOne(v1.Property2 < 0.0) << Property2Bit
result |= zeroOrOne(v1.Property3) << Property3Bit
return
}
生产https://go.godbolt.org/z/eKbK17
movq "".v1+8(SP), AX
cmpq AX, $1
seteq AL
xorps X0, X0
movss "".v1+16(SP), X1
ucomiss X1, X0
sethi CL
movblzx AL, AX
shlq $2, AX
movblzx CL, CX
shlq $3, CX
orq CX, AX
movblzx "".v1+20(SP), CX
shlq $5, CX
orq AX, CX
movq CX, "".result+24(SP)
ret
