如果你不介意引入依赖，CliWrap可以为你简化:

using CliWrap;
using CliWrap.Buffered;

var result = await Cli.Wrap("target.exe")
   .WithArguments("arguments")
   .ExecuteBufferedAsync();

var stdout = result.StandardOutput;

如果你还需要在cmd.exe中执行一些命令，你可以这样做:

// Start the child process.
Process p = new Process();
// Redirect the output stream of the child process.
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.StartInfo.Arguments = "/C vol";
p.Start();
// Read the output stream first and then wait.
string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
Console.WriteLine(output);

这只返回命令本身的输出:

你也可以用StandardInput代替StartInfo。参数:

// Start the child process.
Process p = new Process();
// Redirect the output stream of the child process.
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.Start();
// Read the output stream first and then wait.
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("vol");
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
Console.WriteLine(output);

结果如下所示:

这里有一个简单的例子:

//Create process
System.Diagnostics.Process pProcess = new System.Diagnostics.Process();

//strCommand is path and file name of command to run
pProcess.StartInfo.FileName = strCommand;

//strCommandParameters are parameters to pass to program
pProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = strCommandParameters;

pProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;

//Set output of program to be written to process output stream
pProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;   

//Optional
pProcess.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = strWorkingDirectory;

//Start the process
pProcess.Start();

//Get program output
string strOutput = pProcess.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();

//Wait for process to finish
pProcess.WaitForExit();

在PublicDomain开源代码中有一个ProcessHelper类，你可能会感兴趣。

// Start the child process.
 Process p = new Process();
 // Redirect the output stream of the child process.
 p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
 p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
 p.StartInfo.FileName = "YOURBATCHFILE.bat";
 p.Start();
 // Do not wait for the child process to exit before
 // reading to the end of its redirected stream.
 // p.WaitForExit();
 // Read the output stream first and then wait.
 string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
 p.WaitForExit();

代码来自MSDN。

一行运行命令:

new Process() { StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("echo", "Hello, World") }.Start();

以最短的可读代码量读取命令输出:

    var cliProcess = new Process() {
        StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("echo", "Hello, World") {
            UseShellExecute = false,
            RedirectStandardOutput = true
        }
    };
    cliProcess.Start();
    string cliOut = cliProcess.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
    cliProcess.WaitForExit();
    cliProcess.Close();