我喜欢在using块中实例化我的WCF服务客户端,因为它几乎是使用实现IDisposable的资源的标准方式:

using (var client = new SomeWCFServiceClient()) 
{
    //Do something with the client 
}

但是,正如这篇MSDN文章中提到的,将WCF客户端包装在using块中可能会掩盖导致客户端处于故障状态(如超时或通信问题)的任何错误。长话短说,当调用Dispose()时,客户端的Close()方法会触发,但会抛出一个错误,因为它处于故障状态。然后,原始异常被第二个异常掩盖。不好的。

在MSDN文章中建议的解决方法是完全避免使用using块,而是实例化你的客户端,并像这样使用它们:

try
{
    ...
    client.Close();
}
catch (CommunicationException e)
{
    ...
    client.Abort();
}
catch (TimeoutException e)
{
    ...
    client.Abort();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
    ...
    client.Abort();
    throw;
}

与using块相比,我认为它很难看。每次需要客户端时都要写大量代码。

幸运的是,我找到了一些其他的解决方法,比如IServiceOriented博客上的这个(现在已经不存在了)。你可以这样开始:

public delegate void UseServiceDelegate<T>(T proxy); 

public static class Service<T> 
{ 
    public static ChannelFactory<T> _channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<T>(""); 
    
    public static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock) 
    { 
        IClientChannel proxy = (IClientChannel)_channelFactory.CreateChannel(); 
        bool success = false; 
        try 
        { 
            codeBlock((T)proxy); 
            proxy.Close(); 
            success = true; 
        } 
        finally 
        { 
            if (!success) 
            { 
                proxy.Abort(); 
            } 
        } 
     } 
} 

这就允许:

Service<IOrderService>.Use(orderService => 
{ 
    orderService.PlaceOrder(request); 
}); 

这还不错,但我不认为它像using块那样具有表现力和易于理解。

我目前正在尝试使用的解决方法是我第一次在blog.davidbarret.net上读到的。基本上,无论在哪里使用客户机的Dispose()方法,都要重写它。喜欢的东西:

public partial class SomeWCFServiceClient : IDisposable
{
    void IDisposable.Dispose() 
    {
        if (this.State == CommunicationState.Faulted) 
        {
            this.Abort();
        } 
        else 
        {
            this.Close();
        }
    }
}

这似乎能够允许using块再次出现,而不会有隐藏故障状态异常的危险。

那么,使用这些变通方法还有其他需要注意的问题吗?有没有人想出更好的办法?


当前回答

像这样的包装器可以工作:

public class ServiceClientWrapper<ServiceType> : IDisposable
{
    private ServiceType _channel;
    public ServiceType Channel
    {
        get { return _channel; }
    }

    private static ChannelFactory<ServiceType> _channelFactory;

    public ServiceClientWrapper()
    {
        if(_channelFactory == null)
             // Given that the endpoint name is the same as FullName of contract.
            _channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ServiceType>(typeof(T).FullName);
        _channel = _channelFactory.CreateChannel();
        ((IChannel)_channel).Open();
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        try
        {
            ((IChannel)_channel).Close();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            ((IChannel)_channel).Abort();
            // TODO: Insert logging
        }
    }
}

这应该使您能够编写如下代码:

ResponseType response = null;
using(var clientWrapper = new ServiceClientWrapper<IService>())
{
    var request = ...
    response = clientWrapper.Channel.MyServiceCall(request);
}
// Use your response object.

如果需要的话,包装器当然可以捕获更多的异常,但原理是一样的。

其他回答

下面是问题来源的增强版本,并扩展到缓存多个通道工厂,并尝试通过契约名称在配置文件中查找端点。

它使用。net 4(具体来说:逆变,LINQ, var):

/// <summary>
/// Delegate type of the service method to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="proxy">The service proxy.</param>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of service to use.</typeparam>
internal delegate void UseServiceDelegate<in T>(T proxy);

/// <summary>
/// Wraps using a WCF service.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of service to use.</typeparam>
internal static class Service<T>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary to hold looked-up endpoint names.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<Type, string> cachedEndpointNames = new Dictionary<Type, string>();

    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary to hold created channel factories.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<string, ChannelFactory<T>> cachedFactories =
        new Dictionary<string, ChannelFactory<T>>();

    /// <summary>
    /// Uses the specified code block.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="codeBlock">The code block.</param>
    internal static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock)
    {
        var factory = GetChannelFactory();
        var proxy = (IClientChannel)factory.CreateChannel();
        var success = false;

        try
        {
            using (proxy)
            {
                codeBlock((T)proxy);
            }

            success = true;
        }
        finally
        {
            if (!success)
            {
                proxy.Abort();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the channel factory.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The channel factory.</returns>
    private static ChannelFactory<T> GetChannelFactory()
    {
        lock (cachedFactories)
        {
            var endpointName = GetEndpointName();

            if (cachedFactories.ContainsKey(endpointName))
            {
                return cachedFactories[endpointName];
            }

            var factory = new ChannelFactory<T>(endpointName);

            cachedFactories.Add(endpointName, factory);
            return factory;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the name of the endpoint.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The name of the endpoint.</returns>
    private static string GetEndpointName()
    {
        var type = typeof(T);
        var fullName = type.FullName;

        lock (cachedFactories)
        {
            if (cachedEndpointNames.ContainsKey(type))
            {
                return cachedEndpointNames[type];
            }

            var serviceModel = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None).SectionGroups["system.serviceModel"] as ServiceModelSectionGroup;

            if ((serviceModel != null) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(fullName))
            {
                foreach (var endpointName in serviceModel.Client.Endpoints.Cast<ChannelEndpointElement>().Where(endpoint => fullName.EndsWith(endpoint.Contract)).Select(endpoint => endpoint.Name))
                {
                    cachedEndpointNames.Add(type, endpointName);
                    return endpointName;
                }
            }
        }

        throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not find endpoint element for type '" + fullName + "' in the ServiceModel client configuration section. This might be because no configuration file was found for your application, or because no endpoint element matching this name could be found in the client element.");
    }
}

这是微软推荐的处理WCF客户端调用的方法:

有关更多详细信息,请参见:预期异常

try
{
    ...
    double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
    ...
    client.Close();
}
catch (TimeoutException exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Got {0}", exception.GetType());
    client.Abort();
}
catch (CommunicationException exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Got {0}", exception.GetType());
    client.Abort();
}

额外的信息 很多人似乎都在WCF上问这个问题,以至于微软甚至创建了一个专门的示例来演示如何处理异常:

WCF c: \ WF_WCF_Samples \ \基本\ Client \ ExpectedExceptions \ CS \客户机

下载示例: c#或VB

考虑到使用语句有这么多的问题,(激烈?)关于这个问题的内部讨论和线程,我不会浪费时间试图成为一个代码牛仔,找到一个更干净的方法。我只是接受它,为我的服务器应用程序以这种冗长(但可信)的方式实现WCF客户机。

可选的附加失败

许多异常派生于CommunicationException,我认为大多数异常都不应该重新尝试。我费力地浏览了MSDN上的每个异常,并找到了一个可重试异常的简短列表(除了上面的TimeOutException)。如果我错过了应该重试的异常,请告诉我。

  // The following is typically thrown on the client when a channel is terminated due to the server closing the connection.
catch (ChannelTerminatedException cte)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

// The following is thrown when a remote endpoint could not be found or reached.  The endpoint may not be found or 
// reachable because the remote endpoint is down, the remote endpoint is unreachable, or because the remote network is unreachable.
catch (EndpointNotFoundException enfe)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

// The following exception that is thrown when a server is too busy to accept a message.
catch (ServerTooBusyException stbe)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

诚然,这是编写的一些普通代码。我目前更喜欢这个答案,并且在代码中没有看到任何可能导致问题的“hack”。

对于使用ServiceClient而不是ChannelFactory的情况,我想从Marc Gravell的答案中添加服务的实现。

public interface IServiceConnector<out TServiceInterface>
{
    void Connect(Action<TServiceInterface> clientUsage);
    TResult Connect<TResult>(Func<TServiceInterface, TResult> channelUsage);
}

internal class ServiceConnector<TService, TServiceInterface> : IServiceConnector<TServiceInterface>
    where TServiceInterface : class where TService : ClientBase<TServiceInterface>, TServiceInterface, new()
{
    public TResult Connect<TResult>(Func<TServiceInterface, TResult> channelUsage)
    {
        var result = default(TResult);
        Connect(channel =>
        {
            result = channelUsage(channel);
        });
        return result;
    }

    public void Connect(Action<TServiceInterface> clientUsage)
    {
        if (clientUsage == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("clientUsage");
        }
        var isChanneldClosed = false;
        var client = new TService();
        try
        {
            clientUsage(client);
            client.Close();
            isChanneldClosed = true;
        }
        finally
        {
            if (!isChanneldClosed)
            {
                client.Abort();
            }
        }
    }
}

我有我自己的包装器的通道,实现Dispose如下:

public void Dispose()
{
        try
        {
            if (channel.State == CommunicationState.Faulted)
            {
                channel.Abort();
            }
            else
            {
                channel.Close();
            }
        }
        catch (CommunicationException)
        {
            channel.Abort();
        }
        catch (TimeoutException)
        {
            channel.Abort();
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            channel.Abort();
            throw;
        }
}

这似乎工作得很好,并允许使用using块。

您还可以使用DynamicProxy来扩展Dispose()方法。你可以这样做:

using (var wrapperdProxy = new Proxy<yourProxy>())
{
   // Do whatever and dispose of Proxy<yourProxy> will be called and work properly.
}