我想杀死整个进程树。使用通用脚本语言实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么?我在寻找一个简单的解决办法。
当前回答
要递归地杀死进程树，请使用killtree():
#!/bin/bash
killtree() {
local _pid=$1
local _sig=${2:--TERM}
kill -stop ${_pid} # needed to stop quickly forking parent from producing children between child killing and parent killing
for _child in $(ps -o pid --no-headers --ppid ${_pid}); do
killtree ${_child} ${_sig}
done
kill -${_sig} ${_pid}
}
if [ $# -eq 0 -o $# -gt 2 ]; then
echo "Usage: $(basename $0) <pid> [signal]"
exit 1
fi
killtree $@
其他回答
如果你知道传递父进程的pid，下面这个shell脚本应该可以工作:
for child in $(ps -o pid,ppid -ax | \
awk "{ if ( \$2 == $pid ) { print \$1 }}")
do
echo "Killing child process $child because ppid = $pid"
kill $child
done
在shell脚本中杀死子进程:
很多时候我们需要杀死因为某些原因被挂起或阻塞的子进程。如。FTP连接问题。
有两种方法，
1)为每个子进程创建独立的新父进程，该父进程将在超时时监视并终止子进程。
创建test.sh，如下所示:
#!/bin/bash
declare -a CMDs=("AAA" "BBB" "CCC" "DDD")
for CMD in ${CMDs[*]}; do
(sleep 10 & PID=$!; echo "Started $CMD => $PID"; sleep 5; echo "Killing $CMD => $PID"; kill $PID; echo "$CMD Completed.") &
done
exit;
使用以下命令查看其他终端中名称为“test”的进程。
watch -n1 'ps x -o "%p %r %c" | grep "test" '
上面的脚本将创建4个新的子进程和它们的父进程。每个子进程将运行10秒。但是一旦达到5秒的超时，它们各自的父进程将终止这些子进程。 所以孩子将无法完成执行(10秒)。 围绕这些时间(切换10和5)来玩游戏，看看另一种行为。在这种情况下，child将在达到10秒超时之前在5秒内完成执行。
2)让当前父进程监视并在超时时终止子进程。这不会创建单独的父节点来监视每个子节点。此外，您还可以在同一个父进程中正确地管理所有子进程。
创建test.sh，如下所示:
#!/bin/bash
declare -A CPIDs;
declare -a CMDs=("AAA" "BBB" "CCC" "DDD")
CMD_TIME=15;
for CMD in ${CMDs[*]}; do
(echo "Started..$CMD"; sleep $CMD_TIME; echo "$CMD Done";) &
CPIDs[$!]="$RN";
sleep 1;
done
GPID=$(ps -o pgid= $$);
CNT_TIME_OUT=10;
CNT=0;
while (true); do
declare -A TMP_CPIDs;
for PID in "${!CPIDs[@]}"; do
echo "Checking "${CPIDs[$PID]}"=>"$PID;
if ps -p $PID > /dev/null ; then
echo "-->"${CPIDs[$PID]}"=>"$PID" is running..";
TMP_CPIDs[$PID]=${CPIDs[$PID]};
else
echo "-->"${CPIDs[$PID]}"=>"$PID" is completed.";
fi
done
if [ ${#TMP_CPIDs[@]} == 0 ]; then
echo "All commands completed.";
break;
else
unset CPIDs;
declare -A CPIDs;
for PID in "${!TMP_CPIDs[@]}"; do
CPIDs[$PID]=${TMP_CPIDs[$PID]};
done
unset TMP_CPIDs;
if [ $CNT -gt $CNT_TIME_OUT ]; then
echo ${CPIDs[@]}"PIDs not reponding. Timeout reached $CNT sec. killing all childern with GPID $GPID..";
kill -- -$GPID;
fi
fi
CNT=$((CNT+1));
echo "waiting since $b secs..";
sleep 1;
done
exit;
使用以下命令查看其他终端中名称为“test”的进程。
watch -n1 'ps x -o "%p %r %c" | grep "test" '
Above script will create 4 new child processes. We are storing pids of all child process and looping over them to check if they are finished their execution or still running. Child process will execution till CMD_TIME time. But if CNT_TIME_OUT timeout reach , All children will get killed by parent process. You can switch timing and play around with script to see behavior. One drawback of this approach is , it is using group id for killing all child tree. But parent process itself belong to same group so it will also get killed.
如果不希望终止父进程，可能需要为父进程分配其他组id。
更多细节可以在这里找到，
在shell脚本中杀死子进程
下面是@zhigang的答案的一个变种，它没有AWK，只依赖于Bash的本地解析可能性:
function killtree {
kill -STOP "$1"
ps -e -o pid= -o ppid= | while read -r pid ppid
do
[[ $ppid = $1 ]] || continue
killtree "$pid" || true # Skip over failures
done
kill -CONT "$1"
kill -TERM "$1"
}
它在mac和Linux上都运行得很好。在您不能依赖于管理流程组的情况下——比如在编写测试必须在多个环境中构建的软件的脚本时——这种遍历树技术绝对是有用的。
使用进程组ID (PGID)杀死属于同一进程树的所有进程
使用默认信号(TERM = 15) 使用信号kill (9)
您可以从同一进程树的任何进程id (PID)中检索PGID
杀- - - $ (ps - o pgid = $ PID | grep - o '[0 - 9] * ')(信号) $(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o '[0-9]*')(信号kill)
特别感谢tanager和Speakus对$PID剩余空间和OSX兼容性的贡献。
解释
kill -9 -"$PGID" => Send signal 9 (KILL) to all child and grandchild... PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID") => Retrieve the Process-Group-ID from any Process-ID of the tree, not only the Process-Parent-ID. A variation of ps opgid= $PID is ps -o pgid --no-headers $PID where pgid can be replaced by pgrp. But: ps inserts leading spaces when PID is less than five digits and right aligned as noticed by tanager. You can use: PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID" | tr -d ' ') ps from OSX always print the header, therefore Speakus proposes: PGID="$( ps -o pgid "$PID" | grep [0-9] | tr -d ' ' )" grep -o [0-9]* prints successive digits only (does not print spaces or alphabetical headers).
更多命令行
PGID=$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o [0-9]*)
kill -TERM -"$PGID" # kill -15
kill -INT -"$PGID" # correspond to [CRTL+C] from keyboard
kill -QUIT -"$PGID" # correspond to [CRTL+\] from keyboard
kill -CONT -"$PGID" # restart a stopped process (above signals do not kill it)
sleep 2 # wait terminate process (more time if required)
kill -KILL -"$PGID" # kill -9 if it does not intercept signals (or buggy)
限制
正如davide和Hubert Kario所注意到的，当kill被属于同一棵树的进程调用时，kill在终止整个树的kill之前可能会杀死自己。 因此，请确保使用具有不同process - group - id的进程运行该命令。
很长的故事
> cat run-many-processes.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./child.sh background &
./child.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"
> cat child.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./grandchild.sh background &
./grandchild.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"
> cat grandchild.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
sleep 9999
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"
使用'&'在后台运行流程树
> ./run-many-processes.sh &
ProcessID=28957 begins (./run-many-processes.sh)
ProcessID=28959 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28958 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28960 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28961 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28962 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28963 begins (./grandchild.sh)
> PID=$! # get the Parent Process ID
> PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID") # get the Process Group ID
> ps fj
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3 28969 Ss 33021 0:00 -bash
28349 28957 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 \_ /bin/sh ./run-many-processes.sh
28957 28958 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh background
28958 28961 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | | \_ sleep 9999
28958 28963 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ sleep 9999
28957 28959 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh foreground
28959 28960 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ sleep 9999
28959 28962 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ sleep 9999
28349 28969 28969 28349 pts/3 28969 R+ 33021 0:00 \_ ps fj
命令pkill -P $PID不杀死孙子:
> pkill -P "$PID"
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28958 Terminated ./child.sh background
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28959 Terminated ./child.sh foreground
ProcessID=28957 ends (./run-many-processes.sh)
[1]+ Done ./run-many-processes.sh
> ps fj
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3 28987 Ss 33021 0:00 -bash
28349 28987 28987 28349 pts/3 28987 R+ 33021 0:00 \_ ps fj
1 28963 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
1 28962 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
1 28961 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
1 28960 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
命令kill——-$PGID杀死所有进程，包括孙子进程。
> kill -- -"$PGID" # default signal is TERM (kill -15)
> kill -CONT -"$PGID" # awake stopped processes
> kill -KILL -"$PGID" # kill -9 to be sure
> ps fj
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3 29039 Ss 33021 0:00 -bash
28349 29039 29039 28349 pts/3 29039 R+ 33021 0:00 \_ ps fj
结论
我注意到在这个例子中PID和PGID是相等的(28957)。 这就是为什么我一开始觉得杀了。-$PID就够了。但如果进程是在Makefile中生成的，则进程ID与组ID不同。
我认为kill——-$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o[0-9]*)是当从不同的Group ID(另一个进程树)调用时杀死整个进程树的最好的简单技巧。
pkill -TERM -P 27888
这将杀死父进程ID为27888的所有进程。
或者更有力:
CPIDS=$(pgrep -P 27888); (sleep 33 && kill -KILL $CPIDS &); kill -TERM $CPIDS
它将kill安排在33秒后，并礼貌地要求进程终止。
请参阅终止所有子代的答案。
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