我想杀死整个进程树。使用通用脚本语言实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么?我在寻找一个简单的解决办法。
当前回答
下面是@zhigang的答案的一个变种,它没有AWK,只依赖于Bash的本地解析可能性:
function killtree {
kill -STOP "$1"
ps -e -o pid= -o ppid= | while read -r pid ppid
do
[[ $ppid = $1 ]] || continue
killtree "$pid" || true # Skip over failures
done
kill -CONT "$1"
kill -TERM "$1"
}
它在mac和Linux上都运行得很好。在您不能依赖于管理流程组的情况下——比如在编写测试必须在多个环境中构建的软件的脚本时——这种遍历树技术绝对是有用的。
其他回答
谢谢你们的智慧。我的脚本在退出时留下了一些子进程,而否定提示使事情变得更容易。我写这个函数是为了在其他脚本中使用:
# kill my group's subprocesses: killGroup
# kill also myself: killGroup -x
# kill another group's subprocesses: killGroup N
# kill that group all: killGroup -x N
# N: PID of the main process (= process group ID).
function killGroup () {
local prid mainpid
case $1 in
-x) [ -n "$2" ] && kill -9 -$2 || kill -9 -$$ ;;
"") mainpid=$$ ;;
*) mainpid=$1 ;;
esac
prid=$(ps ax -o pid,pgid | grep $mainpid)
prid=${prid//$mainpid/}
kill -9 $prid 2>/dev/null
return
}
欢呼。
使用进程组ID (PGID)杀死属于同一进程树的所有进程
使用默认信号(TERM = 15) 使用信号kill (9)
您可以从同一进程树的任何进程id (PID)中检索PGID
杀- - - $ (ps - o pgid = $ PID | grep - o '[0 - 9] * ')(信号) $(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o '[0-9]*')(信号kill)
特别感谢tanager和Speakus对$PID剩余空间和OSX兼容性的贡献。
解释
kill -9 -"$PGID" => Send signal 9 (KILL) to all child and grandchild... PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID") => Retrieve the Process-Group-ID from any Process-ID of the tree, not only the Process-Parent-ID. A variation of ps opgid= $PID is ps -o pgid --no-headers $PID where pgid can be replaced by pgrp. But: ps inserts leading spaces when PID is less than five digits and right aligned as noticed by tanager. You can use: PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID" | tr -d ' ') ps from OSX always print the header, therefore Speakus proposes: PGID="$( ps -o pgid "$PID" | grep [0-9] | tr -d ' ' )" grep -o [0-9]* prints successive digits only (does not print spaces or alphabetical headers).
更多命令行
PGID=$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o [0-9]*)
kill -TERM -"$PGID" # kill -15
kill -INT -"$PGID" # correspond to [CRTL+C] from keyboard
kill -QUIT -"$PGID" # correspond to [CRTL+\] from keyboard
kill -CONT -"$PGID" # restart a stopped process (above signals do not kill it)
sleep 2 # wait terminate process (more time if required)
kill -KILL -"$PGID" # kill -9 if it does not intercept signals (or buggy)
限制
正如davide和Hubert Kario所注意到的,当kill被属于同一棵树的进程调用时,kill在终止整个树的kill之前可能会杀死自己。 因此,请确保使用具有不同process - group - id的进程运行该命令。
很长的故事
> cat run-many-processes.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./child.sh background &
./child.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"
> cat child.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./grandchild.sh background &
./grandchild.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"
> cat grandchild.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
sleep 9999
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"
使用'&'在后台运行流程树
> ./run-many-processes.sh &
ProcessID=28957 begins (./run-many-processes.sh)
ProcessID=28959 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28958 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28960 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28961 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28962 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28963 begins (./grandchild.sh)
> PID=$! # get the Parent Process ID
> PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID") # get the Process Group ID
> ps fj
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3 28969 Ss 33021 0:00 -bash
28349 28957 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 \_ /bin/sh ./run-many-processes.sh
28957 28958 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh background
28958 28961 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | | \_ sleep 9999
28958 28963 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ sleep 9999
28957 28959 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh foreground
28959 28960 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | | \_ sleep 9999
28959 28962 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3 28969 S 33021 0:00 | \_ sleep 9999
28349 28969 28969 28349 pts/3 28969 R+ 33021 0:00 \_ ps fj
命令pkill -P $PID不杀死孙子:
> pkill -P "$PID"
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28958 Terminated ./child.sh background
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28959 Terminated ./child.sh foreground
ProcessID=28957 ends (./run-many-processes.sh)
[1]+ Done ./run-many-processes.sh
> ps fj
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3 28987 Ss 33021 0:00 -bash
28349 28987 28987 28349 pts/3 28987 R+ 33021 0:00 \_ ps fj
1 28963 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
1 28962 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
1 28961 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
1 28960 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3 28987 S 33021 0:00 \_ sleep 9999
命令kill——-$PGID杀死所有进程,包括孙子进程。
> kill -- -"$PGID" # default signal is TERM (kill -15)
> kill -CONT -"$PGID" # awake stopped processes
> kill -KILL -"$PGID" # kill -9 to be sure
> ps fj
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3 29039 Ss 33021 0:00 -bash
28349 29039 29039 28349 pts/3 29039 R+ 33021 0:00 \_ ps fj
结论
我注意到在这个例子中PID和PGID是相等的(28957)。 这就是为什么我一开始觉得杀了。-$PID就够了。但如果进程是在Makefile中生成的,则进程ID与组ID不同。
我认为kill——-$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o[0-9]*)是当从不同的Group ID(另一个进程树)调用时杀死整个进程树的最好的简单技巧。
下面的shell函数与许多其他答案类似,但它在Linux和BSD (OS X等)上都可以工作,没有像pgrep这样的外部依赖:
killtree() {
local parent=$1 child
for child in $(ps -o ppid= -o pid= | awk "\$1==$parent {print \$2}"); do
killtree $child
done
kill $parent
}
如果你想按名称杀死一个进程:
killall -9 -g someprocessname
or
pgrep someprocessname | xargs pkill -9 -g
修改后的志刚回答:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eu
killtree() {
local pid
for pid; do
kill -stop $pid
local cpid
for cpid in $(pgrep -P $pid); do
killtree $cpid
done
kill $pid
kill -cont $pid
wait $pid 2>/dev/null || true
done
}
cpids() {
local pid=$1 options=${2:-} space=${3:-}
local cpid
for cpid in $(pgrep -P $pid); do
echo "$space$cpid"
if [[ "${options/a/}" != "$options" ]]; then
cpids $cpid "$options" "$space "
fi
done
}
while true; do sleep 1; done &
cpid=$!
for i in $(seq 1 2); do
cpids $$ a
sleep 1
done
killtree $cpid
echo ---
cpids $$ a