我得到以下错误:
Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>
下面是导致这个错误的代码:
if input.startswith("!web"):
input = input.replace("!web ", "")
url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)
我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?
我也遇到了类似的问题，不过我在Python 3.4、3.5和3.6中使用了urllib.request.urlopen。(这是Python 3中urllib2的一部分，根据Python 2的urllib2文档页面头部的注释。)
我的解决方案是pip install certifi来安装certifi，它有:
．.． 一个精心策划的根证书集合，用于验证SSL证书的可信度，同时验证TLS主机的身份。
然后，在我的代码中，我之前只有:
import urllib.request as urlrq
resp = urlrq.urlopen('https://example.com/bar/baz.html')
我将其修改为:
import urllib.request as urlrq
import certifi
resp = urlrq.urlopen('https://example.com/bar/baz.html', cafile=certifi.where())
如果我读取urllib2。Urlopen文档正确，它也有一个cafile参数。所以,urllib2.urlopen([…]， certificate .where())可能也适用于Python 2.7。
更新(2020-01-01):自Python 3.6起，已弃用urlopen的cafile参数，取而代之的应该是指定context参数。我发现以下功能在3.5到3.8版本中同样有效:
import urllib.request as urlrq
import certifi
import ssl
resp = urlrq.urlopen('https://example.com/bar/baz.html', context=ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where()))
这不是您特定问题的解决方案，但我把它放在这里是因为这个线程是“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”的顶部谷歌结果，它导致我在一个徒劳的追逐。
If you have installed Python 3.6 on OSX and are getting the "SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED" error when trying to connect to an https:// site, it's probably because Python 3.6 on OSX has no certificates at all, and can't validate any SSL connections. This is a change for 3.6 on OSX, and requires a post-install step, which installs the certifi package of certificates. This is documented in the file ReadMe.rtf, which you can find at /Applications/Python\ 3.6/ReadMe.rtf (see also the file Conclusion.rtf, and the script build-installer.py that generates the macOS installer).
ReadMe会让你运行安装后的脚本
/Applications/Python\ 3.10/Install\ Certificates.command(终端应用程序，这个命令应该单独解决问题。请确保使用当前的subversion更新文件路径。)
(它的源是install_certificates.command)，其中:
首先安装Python包certifi，然后
然后创建一个从OpenSSL证书文件到包certificate安装的证书文件的符号链接。
发布说明有更多信息:https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-360/
在较新的Python版本中，有更多关于此的文档:
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/ReadMe.rtf#L22-L34
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Conclusion.rtf#L15-L19
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Welcome.rtf#L23-L25
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/install_certificates.command
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/README.rst
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py#L239-L246
水蟒的解决方案
我的设置是带有代理的MacOS上的Anaconda Python 3.7。路径不同。
这是如何获得正确的证书路径:
import ssl
ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
我的系统产生了什么
Out[35]: DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='/miniconda3/ssl/cert.pem', capath=None,
openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/miniconda3/ssl/cert.pem',
openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/miniconda3/ssl/certs')
一旦知道了证书的位置，就可以将代理使用的证书连接到该文件的末尾。
我已经设置了conda与我的代理工作，通过运行:
conda config --set ssl_verify <pathToYourFile>.crt
如果你不记得你的证书在哪里，你可以在~/.condarc中找到它:
ssl_verify: <pathToYourFile>.crt
现在将该文件连接到/miniconda3/ssl/cert.pem文件的末尾
请求应该起作用，尤其是sklearn。数据集和类似的工具
应该工作。
进一步的说明
其他解决方案没有工作，因为Anaconda设置略有不同:
路径为Applications/Python\ 3。X根本不存在。
下面命令提供的路径是错误的路径
from requests.utils import DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
