我有一个泛型类,Foo<T>。在Foo的一个方法中,我想获取T类型的类实例,但我无法调用T.class。

使用T.class绕过它的首选方法是什么?


当前回答

这是一个有效的解决方案:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private Class<T> getGenericTypeClass() {
    try {
        String className = ((ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[0].getTypeName();
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
        return (Class<T>) clazz;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Class is not parametrized with generic type!!! Please use extends <> ");
    }
} 

笔记:只能用作超类

必须使用类型化类进行扩展(Child扩展Generic<Integer>)

OR

必须创建为匿名实现(new Generic<Integer>(){};)

其他回答

我找到了一种通用而简单的方法。在我的类中,我创建了一个方法,该方法根据泛型类型在类定义中的位置返回泛型类型。让我们假设一个类定义如下:

public class MyClass<A, B, C> {

}

现在,让我们创建一些属性来持久化类型:

public class MyClass<A, B, C> {

    private Class<A> aType;

    private Class<B> bType;

    private Class<C> cType;

// Getters and setters (not necessary if you are going to use them internally)

    } 

然后,您可以创建一个基于泛型定义的索引返回类型的泛型方法:

   /**
     * Returns a {@link Type} object to identify generic types
     * @return type
     */
    private Type getGenericClassType(int index) {
        // To make it use generics without supplying the class type
        Type type = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();

        while (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                type = ((Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) type).getRawType()).getGenericSuperclass();
            } else {
                type = ((Class<?>) type).getGenericSuperclass();
            }
        }

        return ((ParameterizedType) type).getActualTypeArguments()[index];
    }

最后,在构造函数中,只需调用方法并发送每个类型的索引。完整的代码应该如下所示:

public class MyClass<A, B, C> {

    private Class<A> aType;

    private Class<B> bType;

    private Class<C> cType;


    public MyClass() {
      this.aType = (Class<A>) getGenericClassType(0);
      this.bType = (Class<B>) getGenericClassType(1);
      this.cType = (Class<C>) getGenericClassType(2);
    }

   /**
     * Returns a {@link Type} object to identify generic types
     * @return type
     */
    private Type getGenericClassType(int index) {

        Type type = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();

        while (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                type = ((Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) type).getRawType()).getGenericSuperclass();
            } else {
                type = ((Class<?>) type).getGenericSuperclass();
            }
        }

        return ((ParameterizedType) type).getActualTypeArguments()[index];
    }
}

比其他人建议的类更好的方法是传入一个对象,该对象可以执行您对类所做的操作,例如创建一个新实例。

interface Factory<T> {
  T apply();
}

<T> void List<T> make10(Factory<T> factory) {
  List<T> result = new ArrayList<T>();
  for (int a = 0; a < 10; a++)
    result.add(factory.apply());
  return result;
}

class FooFactory<T> implements Factory<Foo<T>> {
  public Foo<T> apply() {
    return new Foo<T>();
  }
}

List<Foo<Integer>> foos = make10(new FooFactory<Integer>());

简单的答案是,无法找出Java中泛型类型参数的运行时类型。我建议阅读Java教程中有关类型擦除的章节以了解更多详细信息。

对此,一个流行的解决方案是将类型参数的Class传递给泛型类型的构造函数,例如。

class Foo<T> {
    final Class<T> typeParameterClass;

    public Foo(Class<T> typeParameterClass) {
        this.typeParameterClass = typeParameterClass;
    }

    public void bar() {
        // you can access the typeParameterClass here and do whatever you like
    }
}

我根据这个问题中两个最有希望的解决方案之一创建了一个示例。

然而,至少在我的用例中,结果并不那么有希望。

只有一种方法有效,但您需要一个包含方法的超级类,泛型必须在子类中设置,并且不能动态分配(我的用例很遗憾)


import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;


public class GenericTest {

    /**
     * only this will work!
     */
    @Test
    void testGetGenericTypeClassFromChildClassWithSpecifiedType() {
        TestClassWithSpecifiedType parent = new TestClassWithSpecifiedType();
        assertEquals(SomeGenericType.class, parent.getGenericTypeClass());
    }

    /**
     * won't work!
     */
    @Test
    void testGetGenericTypeClassFromChildClassWithUnspecifiedType() {
        TestClassWithUnspecifiedType<SomeGenericType> parent = new TestClassWithUnspecifiedType<>();
        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, parent::getGenericTypeClass);
    }

    /**
     * won't work
     */
    @Test
    void testGetGenericTypeClassWithUnspecifiedType() {
        SomeGenericTypedClass<SomeGenericType> parent = new SomeGenericTypedClass<>();
        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, parent::getGenericTypeClass);
    }

    /**
     * won't work
     * returns object instead!
     */
    @Test
    void testGetLoadedClassFromObject() {
        Foo<SomeGenericType> foo = new Foo<>();
        Class<?> barClass = foo.getBarClass();
        assertEquals(SomeGenericType.class, barClass);
    }

    /**
     * A class that has specified the type parameter
     */
    public static class TestClassWithSpecifiedType extends AbstractGenericTypedClass<SomeGenericType> {

    }

    /**
     * A class where the type parameter will be specified on demand
     *
     * @param <T>
     */
    public static class TestClassWithUnspecifiedType<T> extends AbstractGenericTypedClass<T> {

    }

    /**
     * An abstract class, because otherwise finding the parameter will not work
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static abstract class AbstractGenericTypedClass<T> {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public Class<T> getGenericTypeClass() {
            try {
                String className = ((ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[0].getTypeName();
                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
                return (Class<T>) clazz;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Class is not parametrized with generic type!!! Please use extends <> ");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * A typed class without abstract super class
     *
     * @param <T>
     */
    public static class SomeGenericTypedClass<T> {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public Class<T> getGenericTypeClass() {
            try {
                String className = ((ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[0].getTypeName();
                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
                return (Class<T>) clazz;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Class is not parametrized with generic type!!! Please use extends <> ");
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * Some generic type - won't work with primitives such as String, Integer, Double!
     */
    public static class SomeGenericType {

    }

    public static class Foo<T> {
        // The class:
        private final Class<?> barClass;

        public Foo() {
            try {
                // Im giving it [0] cuz Bar is the first TypeParam
                Type[] bounds = getClass().getTypeParameters()[0].getBounds();
                // Here, we get the class now:
                barClass = Class.forName(bounds[0].getTypeName());
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // will never happen!
                throw new Error("Something impossible happened!", e);
            }
        }

        public Class<?> getBarClass() {
            return barClass;
        }
    }
}

我真的不明白为什么这必须如此复杂,但我敢打赌,动态设置参数必须有一些技术限制。

然而,有一个小漏洞:如果您将Foo类定义为抽象类。这意味着您必须将类实例化为:

Foo<MyType> myFoo = new Foo<MyType>(){};

(注意末端的双撑杆。)

现在,您可以在运行时检索T的类型:

Type mySuperclass = myFoo.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
Type tType = ((ParameterizedType)mySuperclass).getActualTypeArguments()[0];

然而,请注意,mySuperclass必须是实际定义T的最终类型的类定义的超类。

它也不是很优雅,但你必须决定你喜欢新的Foo<MyType>(){}还是新的Foo<MyType<(MyType.class);在您的代码中。


例如:

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

/**
 * Captures and silently ignores stack exceptions upon popping.
 */
public abstract class SilentStack<E> extends ArrayDeque<E> {
  public E pop() {
    try {
      return super.pop();
    }
    catch( NoSuchElementException nsee ) {
      return create();
    }
  }

  public E create() {
    try {
      Type sooper = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
      Type t = ((ParameterizedType)sooper).getActualTypeArguments()[ 0 ];

      return (E)(Class.forName( t.toString() ).newInstance());
    }
    catch( Exception e ) {
      return null;
    }
  }
}

然后:

public class Main {
    // Note the braces...
    private Deque<String> stack = new SilentStack<String>(){};

    public static void main( String args[] ) {
      // Returns a new instance of String.
      String s = stack.pop();
      System.out.printf( "s = '%s'\n", s );
    }
}