我需要在SQL Server数据库中删除一个高度引用的表。我如何才能得到所有外键约束的列表,我将需要删除以便删除表?
(SQL比在管理工作室的GUI中点击更可取)
我需要在SQL Server数据库中删除一个高度引用的表。我如何才能得到所有外键约束的列表,我将需要删除以便删除表?
(SQL比在管理工作室的GUI中点击更可取)
当前回答
你可以通过以下查询找到:
SELECT OBJECT_NAME (FK.referenced_object_id) 'Referenced Table',
OBJECT_NAME(FK.parent_object_id) 'Referring Table', FK.name 'Foreign Key',
COL_NAME(FK.referenced_object_id, FKC.referenced_column_id) 'Referenced Column',
COL_NAME(FK.parent_object_id,FKC.parent_column_id) 'Referring Column'
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS FK
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS FKC
ON FKC.constraint_object_id = FK.OBJECT_ID
WHERE OBJECT_NAME (FK.referenced_object_id) = 'YourTableName'
AND COL_NAME(FK.referenced_object_id, FKC.referenced_column_id) = 'YourColumnName'
order by OBJECT_NAME(FK.parent_object_id)
其他回答
下面是我将使用的SQL代码。
SELECT
f.name AS 'Name of Foreign Key',
OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) AS 'Table name',
COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id,fc.parent_column_id) AS 'Fieldname',
OBJECT_NAME(t.object_id) AS 'References Table name',
COL_NAME(t.object_id,fc.referenced_column_id) AS 'References fieldname',
'ALTER TABLE [' + OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) + '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + f.name + ']' AS 'Delete foreign key',
'ALTER TABLE [' + OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) + '] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [' +
f.name + '] FOREIGN KEY([' + COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id,fc.parent_column_id) + ']) REFERENCES ' +
'[' + OBJECT_NAME(t.object_id) + '] ([' +
COL_NAME(t.object_id,fc.referenced_column_id) + '])' AS 'Create foreign key'
-- , delete_referential_action_desc AS 'UsesCascadeDelete'
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS f,
sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc,
sys.tables t
WHERE f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id
AND t.OBJECT_ID = fc.referenced_object_id
AND OBJECT_NAME(t.object_id) = 'Employees' -- Just show the FKs which reference a particular table
ORDER BY 2
这不是特别清晰的SQL,所以让我们看一个例子。
所以,假设我想删除Microsoft心爱的Northwind数据库中的Employees表,但是SQL Server告诉我一个或多个外键阻止我这样做。
上面的SQL命令将返回这些结果…
它显示有3个外键引用雇员表。换句话说,除非先删除这三个外键,否则不允许删除(删除)这个表。
在结果中,第一行是以下外键约束在结果中的显示方式。
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employees] WITH NOCHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Employees_Employees] FOREIGN KEY([ReportsTo])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Employees] ([EmployeeID])
倒数第二列显示了我需要使用的SQL命令来删除这些外键之一,例如:
ALTER TABLE [Employees] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_Employees_Employees]
...右边一列显示了创建它的SQL…
ALTER TABLE [Employees] WITH NOCHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Employees_Employees]
FOREIGN KEY([ReportsTo]) REFERENCES [Employees] ([EmployeeID])
使用所有这些命令,您就拥有了删除相关外键所需的一切,从而可以删除表,然后再重新创建它们。
唷。希望这能有所帮助。
以下是我认为在SQL Server 2016中处理这种情况的最佳实践。
你必须列出外键使用:
EXEC sp_fkeys 'TableName'
在这里你可以看到fk的全部信息。注意列FKTABLE_NAME, FKCOLUMN_NAME, FK_NAME, UPDATE_RULE, DELETE_RULE是你需要删除外键并在截断后再次实现它们的信息。
你可以组织一个脚本如下:
-- EXEC sp_fkeys 'TableName'
-- DROP CONSTRAINTS: I drop one, here drop every constraint you desire.
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName
DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS FK_TableName_OtherTable
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
COMMIT
-- TRUNCATE
BEGIN TRANSACTION
TRUNCATE TABLE TableName
GO
COMMIT
-- RECREATE CONSTRAINTS: I recreate 1, here recreate every fk you desire
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName ADD CONSTRAINT
FK_TableName_OtherTable FOREIGN KEY
(
Id_FK
) REFERENCES dbo.OtherTable
(
Id
) ON UPDATE NO ACTION
ON DELETE NO ACTION
GO
COMMIT
** UPDATE_RULE和DELETE_RULE的值可以在sp_fkeys的文档中看到:
我将使用SQL Server Management Studio中的数据库图表功能,但既然你排除了它-这在SQL Server 2008中为我工作(没有2005)。
获取引用表和列名的列表…
select
t.name as TableWithForeignKey,
fk.constraint_column_id as FK_PartNo, c.
name as ForeignKeyColumn
from
sys.foreign_key_columns as fk
inner join
sys.tables as t on fk.parent_object_id = t.object_id
inner join
sys.columns as c on fk.parent_object_id = c.object_id and fk.parent_column_id = c.column_id
where
fk.referenced_object_id = (select object_id
from sys.tables
where name = 'TableOthersForeignKeyInto')
order by
TableWithForeignKey, FK_PartNo
获取外键约束的名称
select distinct name from sys.objects where object_id in
( select fk.constraint_object_id from sys.foreign_key_columns as fk
where fk.referenced_object_id =
(select object_id from sys.tables where name = 'TableOthersForeignKeyInto')
)
以下的解决方案对我来说很有效:
--Eliminar las llaves foraneas
declare @query varchar(8000)
declare cursorRecorrerTabla cursor for
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE [PoaComFinH].['+sch.name+'].['+referencingTable.Name+'] DROP CONSTRAINT ['+foreignKey.name+']' 'query'
FROM PoaComFinH.sys.foreign_key_columns fk
JOIN PoaComFinH.sys.tables referencingTable ON fk.parent_object_id = referencingTable.object_id
JOIN PoaComFinH.sys.schemas sch ON referencingTable.schema_id = sch.schema_id
JOIN PoaComFinH.sys.objects foreignKey ON foreignKey.object_id = fk.constraint_object_id
JOIN PoaComFinH.sys.tables referencedTable ON fk.referenced_object_id = referencedTable.object_id
--3ro. abrir el cursor.
open cursorRecorrerTabla
fetch next from cursorRecorrerTabla
into @query
while @@fetch_status = 0
begin
--inicio cuerpo del cursor
print @query
exec(@query)
--fin cuerpo del cursor
fetch next from cursorRecorrerTabla
into @query
end
--cerrar cursor
close cursorRecorrerTabla
deallocate cursorRecorrerTabla
SELECT
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) 'Parent table',
c.NAME 'Parent column name',
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) 'Referenced table',
cref.NAME 'Referenced column name'
FROM
sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
INNER JOIN
sys.columns c
ON fkc.parent_column_id = c.column_id
AND fkc.parent_object_id = c.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.columns cref
ON fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
AND fkc.referenced_object_id = cref.object_id where OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = 'tablename'
如果你想获得所有表的外键关系,排除where子句,否则写你的tablename而不是tablename