据我所知，没有关键词“公共”，“私人”或“受保护”。这意味着一切都是公开的。

然而，苹果可能希望人们使用“协议”(世界上其他地方称为接口)和工厂设计模式来隐藏实现类型的细节。

无论如何，这通常是一个很好的设计模式;因为它允许您更改实现类层次结构，同时保持逻辑类型系统不变。

Swift 3.0提供了5种不同的访问控制:

开放 公共 内部 fileprivate 私人

Open access and public access enable entities to be used within any source file from their defining module, and also in a source file from another module that imports the defining module. You typically use open or public access when specifying the public interface to a framework. Internal access enables entities to be used within any source file from their defining module, but not in any source file outside of that module. You typically use internal access when defining an app’s or a framework’s internal structure. File-private access restricts the use of an entity to its own defining source file. Use file-private access to hide the implementation details of a specific piece of functionality when those details are used within an entire file. Private access restricts the use of an entity to the enclosing declaration. Use private access to hide the implementation details of a specific piece of functionality when those details are used only within a single declaration. Open access is the highest (least restrictive) access level and private access is the lowest (most restrictive) access level.

默认访问级别

如果您自己没有明确指定访问级别，那么代码中的所有实体(除了少数特定的例外)都有一个默认的内部访问级别。因此，在许多情况下，您不需要在代码中指定显式的访问级别。

关于该主题的发布说明:

Classes declared as public can no longer be subclassed outside of their defining module, and methods declared as public can no longer be overridden outside of their defining module. To allow a class to be externally subclassed or a method to be externally overridden, declare them as open, which is a new access level beyond public. Imported Objective-C classes and methods are now all imported as open rather than public. Unit tests that import a module using an @testable import will still be allowed to subclass public or internal classes as well as override public or internal methods. (SE-0117)

更多信息和细节: Swift编程语言(访问控制)

语言语法没有关键字“public”，“private”或“protected”。这意味着一切都是公开的。当然，可以有一些替代方法来指定没有这些关键字的访问修饰符，但我在语言参考中找不到它。

Swift 3和4也为变量和方法的访问级别带来了很多变化。Swift 3和4现在有4个不同的访问级别，其中开放/公共访问是最高(限制最少)的访问级别，私有访问是最低(限制最多)的访问级别:

private functions and members can only be accessed from within the scope of the entity itself (struct, class, …) and its extensions (in Swift 3 also the extensions were restricted) fileprivate functions and members can only be accessed from within the source file where they are declared. internal functions and members (which is the default, if you do not explicitly add an access level key word) can be accessed anywhere within the target where they are defined. Thats why the TestTarget doesn't have automatically access to all sources, they have to be marked as accessible in xCode's file inspector. open or public functions and members can be accessed from anywhere within the target and from any other context that imports the current target’s module.

有趣:

与其将每个单独的方法或成员标记为“private”，你可以在类/结构的扩展中覆盖一些方法(例如典型的helper函数)，并将整个扩展标记为“private”。

class foo { }

private extension foo {
    func somePrivateHelperFunction01() { }
    func somePrivateHelperFunction02() { }
    func somePrivateHelperFunction03() { }
}

为了获得更好的可维护代码，这可能是一个好主意。你可以很容易地切换到非私有(例如单元测试)，只需要改变一个词。

苹果公司的文档

据我所知，没有关键词“公共”，“私人”或“受保护”。这意味着一切都是公开的。

然而，苹果可能希望人们使用“协议”(世界上其他地方称为接口)和工厂设计模式来隐藏实现类型的细节。

无论如何，这通常是一个很好的设计模式;因为它允许您更改实现类层次结构，同时保持逻辑类型系统不变。

你可以使用的一个选项是将实例创建包装到一个函数中，并在构造函数中提供适当的getter和setter:

class Counter {
    let inc: () -> Int
    let dec: () -> Int

    init(start: Int) {
        var n = start

        inc = { ++n }
        dec = { --n }
    }
}


let c = Counter(start: 10)

c.inc()  // 11
c.inc()  // 12
c.dec()  // 11