现在在测试版4中，他们为Swift添加了访问修饰符。

from Xcode 6 beta 4 realese notes:

Swift access control has three access levels: private entities can only be accessed from within the source file where they are defined. internal entities can be accessed anywhere within the target where they are defined. public entities can be accessed from anywhere within the target and from any other context that imports the current target’s module. By default, most entities in a source file have internal access. This allows application developers to largely ignore access control while allowing framework developers full control over a framework's API.

till swift 2.0 there were only three access level [Public, internal, private] but in swift 3.0 apple added two new access level which are [ Open, fileType ] so now in swift 3.0 there are 5 access level Here I want to clear the role of these two access level 1. Open: this is much similar to Public but the only difference is that the Public can access the subclass and override, and Open access level can not access that this image is taken from Medium website and this describe the difference between open and public access

现在是第二个新的访问级别 2. 文件类型是更大版本的私有或更低的访问级别比内部 fileType可以访问[class, struct, enum]的扩展部分 而且private不能访问扩展部分的代码，它只能访问 词法作用域 这张照片取自Medium网站，描述了fileType和Private访问级别之间的区别

在Beta 6中，文档指出有三种不同的访问修饰符:

公共 内部 私人

这三点适用于类、协议、函数和属性。

public var somePublicVariable = 0
internal let someInternalConstant = 0
private func somePrivateFunction() {}

有关更多信息，请检查访问控制。

Swift 3和4也为变量和方法的访问级别带来了很多变化。Swift 3和4现在有4个不同的访问级别，其中开放/公共访问是最高(限制最少)的访问级别，私有访问是最低(限制最多)的访问级别:

private functions and members can only be accessed from within the scope of the entity itself (struct, class, …) and its extensions (in Swift 3 also the extensions were restricted) fileprivate functions and members can only be accessed from within the source file where they are declared. internal functions and members (which is the default, if you do not explicitly add an access level key word) can be accessed anywhere within the target where they are defined. Thats why the TestTarget doesn't have automatically access to all sources, they have to be marked as accessible in xCode's file inspector. open or public functions and members can be accessed from anywhere within the target and from any other context that imports the current target’s module.

有趣:

与其将每个单独的方法或成员标记为“private”，你可以在类/结构的扩展中覆盖一些方法(例如典型的helper函数)，并将整个扩展标记为“private”。

class foo { }

private extension foo {
    func somePrivateHelperFunction01() { }
    func somePrivateHelperFunction02() { }
    func somePrivateHelperFunction03() { }
}

为了获得更好的可维护代码，这可能是一个好主意。你可以很容易地切换到非私有(例如单元测试)，只需要改变一个词。

苹果公司的文档

据我所知，没有关键词“公共”，“私人”或“受保护”。这意味着一切都是公开的。

然而，苹果可能希望人们使用“协议”(世界上其他地方称为接口)和工厂设计模式来隐藏实现类型的细节。

无论如何，这通常是一个很好的设计模式;因为它允许您更改实现类层次结构，同时保持逻辑类型系统不变。

从Xcode 6 beta 4开始，Swift就有了访问修饰符。发布说明如下:

Swift访问控制分为三种访问级别: 私有实体只能从定义它们的源文件中访问。 内部实体可以在目标中定义它们的任何地方访问。 公共实体可以从目标中的任何地方访问，也可以从导入当前目标模块的任何其他上下文访问。

隐式默认值是内部的，因此在应用程序目标中，您可以关闭访问修饰符，除非在需要更严格限制的地方。在框架目标中(例如，如果你嵌入一个框架来在应用程序和共享或Today视图扩展之间共享代码)，使用public指定你想要向框架的客户端公开的API。