Swift 3.0提供了5种不同的访问控制:

开放 公共 内部 fileprivate 私人

Open access and public access enable entities to be used within any source file from their defining module, and also in a source file from another module that imports the defining module. You typically use open or public access when specifying the public interface to a framework. Internal access enables entities to be used within any source file from their defining module, but not in any source file outside of that module. You typically use internal access when defining an app’s or a framework’s internal structure. File-private access restricts the use of an entity to its own defining source file. Use file-private access to hide the implementation details of a specific piece of functionality when those details are used within an entire file. Private access restricts the use of an entity to the enclosing declaration. Use private access to hide the implementation details of a specific piece of functionality when those details are used only within a single declaration. Open access is the highest (least restrictive) access level and private access is the lowest (most restrictive) access level.

默认访问级别

如果您自己没有明确指定访问级别，那么代码中的所有实体(除了少数特定的例外)都有一个默认的内部访问级别。因此，在许多情况下，您不需要在代码中指定显式的访问级别。

关于该主题的发布说明:

Classes declared as public can no longer be subclassed outside of their defining module, and methods declared as public can no longer be overridden outside of their defining module. To allow a class to be externally subclassed or a method to be externally overridden, declare them as open, which is a new access level beyond public. Imported Objective-C classes and methods are now all imported as open rather than public. Unit tests that import a module using an @testable import will still be allowed to subclass public or internal classes as well as override public or internal methods. (SE-0117)

更多信息和细节: Swift编程语言(访问控制)

从Xcode 6 beta 4开始，Swift就有了访问修饰符。发布说明如下:

Swift访问控制分为三种访问级别: 私有实体只能从定义它们的源文件中访问。 内部实体可以在目标中定义它们的任何地方访问。 公共实体可以从目标中的任何地方访问，也可以从导入当前目标模块的任何其他上下文访问。

隐式默认值是内部的，因此在应用程序目标中，您可以关闭访问修饰符，除非在需要更严格限制的地方。在框架目标中(例如，如果你嵌入一个框架来在应用程序和共享或Today视图扩展之间共享代码)，使用public指定你想要向框架的客户端公开的API。

使用协议、闭包和嵌套/内部类的组合，现在可以使用模块模式来隐藏Swift中的信息。它不是很干净，也不是很好读，但它确实有用。

例子:

protocol HuhThing {
  var huh: Int { get set }
}

func HuhMaker() -> HuhThing {
   class InnerHuh: HuhThing {
    var innerVal: Int = 0
    var huh: Int {
      get {
        return mysteriousMath(innerVal)
      }

      set {
       innerVal = newValue / 2
      }
    }

    func mysteriousMath(number: Int) -> Int {
      return number * 3 + 2
    }
  }

  return InnerHuh()
}

HuhMaker()
var h = HuhMaker()

h.huh      // 2
h.huh = 32 
h.huh      // 50
h.huh = 39
h.huh      // 59

innerVal和mysterousmath隐藏在这里，不被外部使用，试图挖掘对象的方法应该会导致错误。

我只是阅读了Swift文档的一部分，所以如果这里有缺陷，请指出来，我很想知道。

你可以使用的一个选项是将实例创建包装到一个函数中，并在构造函数中提供适当的getter和setter:

class Counter {
    let inc: () -> Int
    let dec: () -> Int

    init(start: Int) {
        var n = start

        inc = { ++n }
        dec = { --n }
    }
}


let c = Counter(start: 10)

c.inc()  // 11
c.inc()  // 12
c.dec()  // 11

Swift 3.0提供了5种不同的访问控制:

开放 公共 内部 fileprivate 私人

Open access and public access enable entities to be used within any source file from their defining module, and also in a source file from another module that imports the defining module. You typically use open or public access when specifying the public interface to a framework. Internal access enables entities to be used within any source file from their defining module, but not in any source file outside of that module. You typically use internal access when defining an app’s or a framework’s internal structure. File-private access restricts the use of an entity to its own defining source file. Use file-private access to hide the implementation details of a specific piece of functionality when those details are used within an entire file. Private access restricts the use of an entity to the enclosing declaration. Use private access to hide the implementation details of a specific piece of functionality when those details are used only within a single declaration. Open access is the highest (least restrictive) access level and private access is the lowest (most restrictive) access level.

默认访问级别

如果您自己没有明确指定访问级别，那么代码中的所有实体(除了少数特定的例外)都有一个默认的内部访问级别。因此，在许多情况下，您不需要在代码中指定显式的访问级别。

关于该主题的发布说明:

Classes declared as public can no longer be subclassed outside of their defining module, and methods declared as public can no longer be overridden outside of their defining module. To allow a class to be externally subclassed or a method to be externally overridden, declare them as open, which is a new access level beyond public. Imported Objective-C classes and methods are now all imported as open rather than public. Unit tests that import a module using an @testable import will still be allowed to subclass public or internal classes as well as override public or internal methods. (SE-0117)

更多信息和细节: Swift编程语言(访问控制)

希望为那些想要类似保护方法的人节省一些时间:

与其他答案一样，swift现在提供了“private”修饰符——它是按文件定义的，而不是像Java或c#那样按类定义的。这意味着如果你想要受保护的方法，如果它们在同一个文件中，你可以使用swift私有方法

创建一个基类来保存“受保护的”方法(实际上是私有的) 子类化这个类以使用相同的方法 在其他文件中，您不能访问基类方法，即使您创建了子类

文件1:

class BaseClass {
    private func protectedMethod() {
        
    }
}

class SubClass : BaseClass {
    func publicMethod() {
        self.protectedMethod()  //this is ok as they are in same file
    }
}

文件2:

func test() {
    var a = BaseClass()
    a.protectedMethod() //ERROR


    var b = SubClass()
    b.protectedMethod() //ERROR
}

class SubClass2 : BaseClass {
    func publicMethod() {
        self.protectedMethod() //ERROR
    }
}