我需要将一个表的主键更改为一个标识列,并且在表中已经有许多行。
我有一个脚本来清理id,以确保它们从1开始是顺序的,在我的测试数据库上运行良好。
更改列以具有标识属性的SQL命令是什么?
我需要将一个表的主键更改为一个标识列,并且在表中已经有许多行。
我有一个脚本来清理id,以确保它们从1开始是顺序的,在我的测试数据库上运行良好。
更改列以具有标识属性的SQL命令是什么?
当前回答
遗憾的是,没有一个;IDENTITY属性属于表而不是列。
更简单的方法是在GUI中完成,但如果没有这个选项,则可以复制数据、删除列、用标识重新添加它,然后放回数据。
请看这里的详细说明。
其他回答
为所有没有标识集的主键= bigint的表生成脚本;这将返回每个表的生成脚本列表;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
declare @sql table(s varchar(max), id int identity)
DECLARE @table_name nvarchar(max),
@table_schema nvarchar(max);
DECLARE vendor_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT
t.name, s.name
FROM sys.schemas AS s
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
ON s.[schema_id] = t.[schema_id]
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT
[c].[name]
from sys.columns [c]
join sys.types [y] on [y].system_type_id = [c].system_type_id
where [c].[object_id] = [t].[object_id] and [y].name = 'bigint' and [c].[column_id] = 1
) and NOT EXISTS
(
SELECT 1 FROM sys.identity_columns
WHERE [object_id] = t.[object_id]
) and exists (
select 1 from sys.indexes as [i]
inner join sys.index_columns as [ic] ON i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
where object_name([ic].[object_id]) = [t].[name]
)
OPEN vendor_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM vendor_cursor
INTO @table_name, @table_schema
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
DELETE FROM @sql
declare @pkname varchar(100),
@pkcol nvarchar(100)
SELECT top 1
@pkname = i.name,
@pkcol = COL_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID,ic.column_id)
FROM sys.indexes AS [i]
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS [ic] ON i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
WHERE i.is_primary_key = 1 and OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID) = @table_name
declare @q nvarchar(max) = 'SELECT '+@pkcol+' FROM ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'] ORDER BY '+@pkcol+' DESC'
DECLARE @ident_seed nvarchar(max) -- Change this to the datatype that you are after
SET @q = REPLACE(@q, 'SELECT', 'SELECT TOP 1 @output = ')
EXEC sp_executeSql @q, N'@output bigint OUTPUT', @ident_seed OUTPUT
insert into @sql(s) values ('BEGIN TRANSACTION')
insert into @sql(s) values ('BEGIN TRY')
-- create statement
insert into @sql(s) values ('create table ['+@table_schema+'].[' + @table_name + '_Temp] (')
-- column list
insert into @sql(s)
select
' ['+[c].[name]+'] ' +
y.name +
(case when [y].[name] like '%varchar' then
coalesce('('+(case when ([c].[max_length] < 0 or [c].[max_length] >= 1024) then 'max' else cast([c].max_length as varchar) end)+')','')
else '' end)
+ ' ' +
case when [c].name = @pkcol then 'IDENTITY(' +COALESCE(@ident_seed, '1')+',1)' else '' end + ' ' +
( case when c.is_nullable = 0 then 'NOT ' else '' end ) + 'NULL ' +
coalesce('DEFAULT ('+(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
LTrim(
RTrim(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
LTrim(
RTrim(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
object_definition([c].default_object_id)
,' ','~')
,')',' ')
)
)
,' ','*')
,'~',' ')
,' ','~')
,'(',' ')
)
)
,' ','*')
,'~',' ')
) +
case when object_definition([c].default_object_id) like '%get%date%' then '()' else '' end
+
')','') + ','
from sys.columns c
JOIN sys.types y ON y.system_type_id = c.system_type_id
where OBJECT_NAME(c.[object_id]) = @table_name and [y].name != 'sysname'
order by [c].column_id
update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
-- closing bracket
insert into @sql(s) values( ')' )
insert into @sql(s) values( 'SET IDENTITY_INSERT ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp] ON')
declare @cols nvarchar(max)
SELECT @cols = STUFF(
(
select ',['+c.name+']'
from sys.columns c
JOIN sys.types y ON y.system_type_id = c.system_type_id
where c.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID(@table_name)
and [y].name != 'sysname'
and [y].name != 'timestamp'
order by [c].column_id
FOR XML PATH ('')
)
, 1, 1, '')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'])')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'EXEC(''INSERT INTO ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp] ('+@cols+')')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'SELECT '+@cols+' FROM ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+']'')')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'SET IDENTITY_INSERT ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp] OFF')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'DROP TABLE ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+']')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'EXECUTE sp_rename N''['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp]'', N'''+@table_name+''', ''OBJECT''')
if ( @pkname is not null ) begin
insert into @sql(s) values('ALTER TABLE ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'] ADD CONSTRAINT ['+@pkname+'] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (')
insert into @sql(s)
select ' ['+COLUMN_NAME+'] ASC,' from information_schema.key_column_usage
where constraint_name = @pkname
GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME, ordinal_position
order by ordinal_position
-- remove trailing comma
update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
insert into @sql(s) values (' )')
end
insert into @sql(s) values ('--Run your Statements')
insert into @sql(s) values ('COMMIT TRANSACTION')
insert into @sql(s) values ('END TRY')
insert into @sql(s) values ('BEGIN CATCH')
insert into @sql(s) values (' ROLLBACK TRANSACTION')
insert into @sql(s) values (' DECLARE @Msg NVARCHAR(MAX) ')
insert into @sql(s) values (' SELECT @Msg=ERROR_MESSAGE() ')
insert into @sql(s) values (' RAISERROR(''Error Occured: %s'', 20, 101,@msg) WITH LOG')
insert into @sql(s) values ('END CATCH')
declare @fqry nvarchar(max)
-- result!
SELECT @fqry = (select char(10) + s from @sql order by id FOR XML PATH (''))
SELECT @table_name as [Table_Name], @fqry as [Generated_Query]
PRINT 'Table: '+@table_name
EXEC sp_executeSql @fqry
FETCH NEXT FROM vendor_cursor
INTO @table_name, @table_schema
END
CLOSE vendor_cursor;
DEALLOCATE vendor_cursor;
修改列的标识属性:
In Server Explorer, right-click the table with identity properties you want to modify and click Open Table Definition. The table opens in Table Designer. Clear the Allow nulls check box for the column you want to change. In the Column Properties tab, expand the Identity Specification property. Click the grid cell for the Is Identity child property and choose Yes from the drop-down list. Type a value in the Identity Seed cell. This value will be assigned to the first row in the table. The value 1 will be assigned by default.
就是这样,对我很管用
不能将列更改为IDENTITY列。您需要做的是创建一个新列,从一开始就定义为IDENTITY,然后删除旧列,并将新列重命名为旧名称。
ALTER TABLE (yourTable) ADD NewColumn INT IDENTITY(1,1)
ALTER TABLE (yourTable) DROP COLUMN OldColumnName
EXEC sp_rename 'yourTable.NewColumn', 'OldColumnName', 'COLUMN'
Marc
我不相信您可以使用tsql将现有列更改为标识列。但是,您可以通过Enterprise Manager设计视图来完成。
或者,您可以创建一个新行作为标识列,删除旧列,然后重命名新列。
ALTER TABLE FooTable
ADD BarColumn INT IDENTITY(1, 1)
NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
您不能这样做,您需要添加另一列,删除原来的列并重命名新列,或者创建一个新表,复制数据并删除旧表,然后将新表重命名为旧表
如果你使用SSMS并在设计器中将标识属性设置为ON,下面就是SQL Server在幕后所做的事情。因此,如果你有一个名为[user]的表,如果你设置UserID和identity,就会发生这样的情况
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE
SET ARITHABORT ON
SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON
COMMIT
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Tmp_User
(
UserID int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
LastName varchar(50) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(50) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial char(1) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_User ON
GO
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM dbo.[User])
EXEC('INSERT INTO dbo.Tmp_User (UserID, LastName, FirstName, MiddleInitial)
SELECT UserID, LastName, FirstName, MiddleInitialFROM dbo.[User] TABLOCKX')
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_User OFF
GO
GO
DROP TABLE dbo.[User]
GO
EXECUTE sp_rename N'dbo.Tmp_User', N'User', 'OBJECT'
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.[User] ADD CONSTRAINT
PK_User PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
UserID
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
COMMIT
已经说过,有一种方法可以通过设置位值来破解系统表,但这是不支持的,我不会这么做