As I understood in normal cases we are creating a table with Primary key which is having Identity property So Rename or Delete a column which is associated with Primary Key constraint will not be possible because constraint Rules are validating column structure. Tto achieve this we have to process some steps in the following way: Let us assume TableName = 'Employee' and ColumnName = 'EmployeeId' 1. Add new column 'EmployeeId_new' in the 'Employee' table ALTER TABLE Employee ADD EmployeeId_new INT IDENTITY(1,1)

Now remove column 'EmployeeId' from 'Employee' table ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN EmployeeId This will throw error because of Primary Key Constraint rules are applicable and validating column structure. *### 'Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The object [PK_dbo.Employee] is dependent on colmn [EmployeeId].'### So we have to remove the Primary Key constraint first from the table 'Employee' then we can remove the column ALTER TABLE Employee DROP constraint [PK_dbo.Employee] Now we can remove the column 'EmployeeId' from 'Employee' table as did in the previous step where we got error ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN EmployeeId Now Column 'EmployeeId' removed from table So we will Rename the newly added new column 'EmployeeId_new' with 'EmployeeId' sp_rename 'Employee.EmployeeId', 'EmployeeId_new', 'COLUMN' To rearrange the table in the same form as It was, we have to add Primary Key Constraint for the column 'EmployeeId' ALTER TABLE Employee add constraint [PK_dbo.Employee] primary key (EmployeeId)

8. 现在，带有'EmployeeId'的表'Employee'随着现有的主键约束被修改为Identity规则

As I understood in normal cases we are creating a table with Primary key which is having Identity property So Rename or Delete a column which is associated with Primary Key constraint will not be possible because constraint Rules are validating column structure. Tto achieve this we have to process some steps in the following way: Let us assume TableName = 'Employee' and ColumnName = 'EmployeeId' 1. Add new column 'EmployeeId_new' in the 'Employee' table ALTER TABLE Employee ADD EmployeeId_new INT IDENTITY(1,1)

Now remove column 'EmployeeId' from 'Employee' table ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN EmployeeId This will throw error because of Primary Key Constraint rules are applicable and validating column structure. *### 'Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The object [PK_dbo.Employee] is dependent on colmn [EmployeeId].'### So we have to remove the Primary Key constraint first from the table 'Employee' then we can remove the column ALTER TABLE Employee DROP constraint [PK_dbo.Employee] Now we can remove the column 'EmployeeId' from 'Employee' table as did in the previous step where we got error ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN EmployeeId Now Column 'EmployeeId' removed from table So we will Rename the newly added new column 'EmployeeId_new' with 'EmployeeId' sp_rename 'Employee.EmployeeId', 'EmployeeId_new', 'COLUMN' To rearrange the table in the same form as It was, we have to add Primary Key Constraint for the column 'EmployeeId' ALTER TABLE Employee add constraint [PK_dbo.Employee] primary key (EmployeeId)

8. 现在，带有'EmployeeId'的表'Employee'随着现有的主键约束被修改为Identity规则

简单的解释

使用sp_RENAME重命名现有列

EXEC sp_RENAME 'Table_Name。Existing_ColumnName'， 'New_ColumnName'， 'COLUMN'

重命名示例:

现有列UserID被重命名为OldUserID

EXEC sp_RENAME 'AdminUsers.UserID' , 'OldUserID', 'COLUMN'

然后使用alter query添加一个新列来设置为主键和标识值

ALTER TABLE TableName ADD Old_ColumnName INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)

使用实例设置主键

新创建的列名为UserID

ALTER TABLE Users ADD UserID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)

然后删除重命名列

ALTER TABLE Table_Name DROP COLUMN Renamed_ColumnName

删除重命名列的示例

ALTER TABLE Users DROP COLUMN OldUserID

现在，我们向表上的现有列添加了一个主键和标识。

如果你碰巧使用Visual Studio 2017+

在服务器对象资源管理器中，右键单击表格，选择“视图代码” 向列添加修饰符“IDENTITY” 更新

这将为你做的一切。

如果最初的海报实际上想要设置一个现有的列为表的PRIMARY KEY，实际上不需要列为IDENTITY列(两种不同的东西)，那么这可以通过t-SQL完成:

ALTER TABLE [YourTableName]
ADD CONSTRAINT [ColumnToSetAsPrimaryKey] PRIMARY KEY ([ColumnToSetAsPrimaryKey])

请注意，在PRIMARY KEY选项之后，列名周围的括号。

虽然这篇文章是旧的，我只是对请求者的需求做了一个假设，但我觉得这些额外的信息可能会对遇到这个线程的用户有所帮助，因为我相信对话可能会导致一个人认为，如果不先将现有的列添加为新列，就不能将其设置为主键，这是不正确的。

这里有一个很酷的解决方案: 在列上添加或删除标识属性

简而言之，在SQL管理器中手动编辑您的表，切换标识，不要保存更改，只显示将为更改创建的脚本，复制它并稍后使用。

这节省了大量的时间，因为它(脚本)包含了所有与您更改的表相关的外键、索引等。手动写这个…上帝保佑。