如何在不使用第三方库的情况下使用Node.js下载文件?

我不需要什么特别的东西。我只想从给定的URL下载文件,然后将其保存到给定的目录。


当前回答

没有库,它可能是错误的,只是指出。以下是一些例子:

不能处理http重定向,比如这个url https://calibre-ebook.com/dist/portable,它是二进制的。 http模块不能https url,你将得到协议“https:”不支持。

以下是我的建议:

调用系统工具,如wget或curl 使用一些类似node-wget-promise的工具,使用起来也非常简单。 Var wget = require('node-wget-promise'); wget(“http://nodejs.org/images/logo.svg”);

其他回答

不要忘记处理错误!下面的代码是基于Augusto Roman的回答。

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

var download = function(url, dest, cb) {
  var file = fs.createWriteStream(dest);
  var request = http.get(url, function(response) {
    response.pipe(file);
    file.on('finish', function() {
      file.close(cb);  // close() is async, call cb after close completes.
    });
  }).on('error', function(err) { // Handle errors
    fs.unlink(dest); // Delete the file async. (But we don't check the result)
    if (cb) cb(err.message);
  });
};

说到处理错误,监听请求错误甚至更好。我甚至会通过检查响应代码来验证。这里认为只有200个响应代码成功,但其他代码可能很好。

const fs = require('fs');
const http = require('http');

const download = (url, dest, cb) => {
    const file = fs.createWriteStream(dest);

    const request = http.get(url, (response) => {
        // check if response is success
        if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
            return cb('Response status was ' + response.statusCode);
        }

        response.pipe(file);
    });

    // close() is async, call cb after close completes
    file.on('finish', () => file.close(cb));

    // check for request error too
    request.on('error', (err) => {
        fs.unlink(dest, () => cb(err.message)); // delete the (partial) file and then return the error
    });

    file.on('error', (err) => { // Handle errors
        fs.unlink(dest, () => cb(err.message)); // delete the (partial) file and then return the error
    });
};

尽管这段代码相对简单,但我建议使用request模块,因为它处理更多http不支持的协议(你好,HTTPS!)。

可以这样做:

const fs = require('fs');
const request = require('request');

const download = (url, dest, cb) => {
    const file = fs.createWriteStream(dest);
    const sendReq = request.get(url);
    
    // verify response code
    sendReq.on('response', (response) => {
        if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
            return cb('Response status was ' + response.statusCode);
        }

        sendReq.pipe(file);
    });

    // close() is async, call cb after close completes
    file.on('finish', () => file.close(cb));

    // check for request errors
    sendReq.on('error', (err) => {
        fs.unlink(dest, () => cb(err.message)); // delete the (partial) file and then return the error
    });

    file.on('error', (err) => { // Handle errors
        fs.unlink(dest, () => cb(err.message)); // delete the (partial) file and then return the error
    });
};

编辑:

要使它与https兼容,请更改

const http = require('http');

to

const http = require('https');

2022年底编辑:

Node v18及以上版本自带自带的Fetch API支持。使用它。

最初的回答:

对于支持承诺的节点,与其他答案相比,一个简单的(部分)Fetch API的Node shim只需要少量额外的代码:

const fs = require(`fs`);
const http = require(`http`);
const https = require(`https`);

module.exports = function fetch(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const data = [];
    const client = url.startsWith("https") ? https : http;
    client
      .request(url, (res) => {
        res.on(`data`, (chunk) => data.push(chunk));
        res.on(`end`, () => {
          const asBytes = Buffer.concat(data);
          const asString = asBytes.toString(`utf8`);
          resolve({
            arrayBuffer: async () => asBytes,
            json: async () => JSON.parse(asString),
            text: async () => asString,
          });
        });
        res.on(`error`, (e) => reject(e));
      })
      .end();
  });
};

你可以用它来做任何你需要的事情,使用普通的fetch语法:

const fetch = require(`./tiny-fetch.js`);

fetch(`https://placekitten.com/200/300`)
  .then(res => res.arrayBuffer())
  .then(bytes => fs.writeFileSync(`kitten.jpg`, bytes))
  .catch(e => console.error(e));

fetch(`https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1`)
  .then(res => res.json())
  .then(obj => console.log(obj))
  .catch(e => console.error(e));

// etc.

现代版本(ES6, Promise, Node 12。X +)适用于https/http。它还支持重定向302和301。我决定不使用第三方库,因为它可以很容易地使用标准Node.js库。

// download.js
import fs from 'fs'
import https from 'https'
import http from 'http'
import { basename } from 'path'
import { URL } from 'url'

const TIMEOUT = 10000

function download (url, dest) {
  const uri = new URL(url)
  if (!dest) {
    dest = basename(uri.pathname)
  }
  const pkg = url.toLowerCase().startsWith('https:') ? https : http

  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const request = pkg.get(uri.href).on('response', (res) => {
      if (res.statusCode === 200) {
        const file = fs.createWriteStream(dest, { flags: 'wx' })
        res
          .on('end', () => {
            file.end()
            // console.log(`${uri.pathname} downloaded to: ${path}`)
            resolve()
          })
          .on('error', (err) => {
            file.destroy()
            fs.unlink(dest, () => reject(err))
          }).pipe(file)
      } else if (res.statusCode === 302 || res.statusCode === 301) {
        // Recursively follow redirects, only a 200 will resolve.
        download(res.headers.location, dest).then(() => resolve())
      } else {
        reject(new Error(`Download request failed, response status: ${res.statusCode} ${res.statusMessage}`))
      }
    })
    request.setTimeout(TIMEOUT, function () {
      request.abort()
      reject(new Error(`Request timeout after ${TIMEOUT / 1000.0}s`))
    })
  })
}

export default download

感谢安德烈·特卡琴科,我修改了他的要点

将其包含在另一个文件中并使用

const download = require('./download.js')
const url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/replace-this-with-your-remote-file'
console.log('Downloading ' + url)

async function run() {
  console.log('Downloading file')
  try {
    await download(url, 'server')
    console.log('Download done')
  } catch (e) {
    console.log('Download failed')
    console.log(e.message)
  }
}

run()

✅So if you use pipeline, it would close all other streams and make sure that there are no memory leaks. Working example: const http = require('http'); const { pipeline } = require('stream'); const fs = require('fs'); const file = fs.createWriteStream('./file.jpg'); http.get('http://via.placeholder.com/150/92c952', response => { pipeline( response, file, err => { if (err) console.error('Pipeline failed.', err); else console.log('Pipeline succeeded.'); } ); });

从我的回答“在流上。pipe和。pipeline之间有什么区别”。