我忍不住要提供我自己的极简元类实现(这可能是前面元类答案的变体)。

常量存储在容器类中(不需要实例化)。值只能设置一次，但设置后不能更改(或删除)。

就我个人而言，我目前还没有这个用例，但这是一个有趣的练习。

class MetaConstant(type):
    ''' Metaclass that allows underlying class to store constants at class-level (subclass instance not needed).
        Non-existent attributes of underlying class (constants) can be set initially, but cannot be changed or deleted.
    '''

    def __setattr__(klass, attr, value):
        'If attribute (constant) doesn\'t exist, set value. If attribute exists, raise AttributeError.'
        if hasattr(klass, attr):
            raise AttributeError(f'Can\'t change the value of the constant {klass.__name__}.{attr} to {value}'
                                 f' (the value of {klass.__name__}.{attr} is already set to'
                                 f' {getattr(klass, attr)}).')
        super().__setattr__(attr, value)

    def __delattr__(klass, attr):
        if hasattr(klass, attr):
            raise AttributeError(f'Can\'t delete constant {klass.__name__}.{attr}'
                                 f' (set to {getattr(klass, attr)}).')


class Constants(metaclass=MetaConstant):
    'Container class for constants. No instantiation required.'
    #pass               # uncomment if no constants set upon class creation
    B = 'Six'           # sets Constants.B to 'Six'


Constants.B = 6         # AttributeError
del Constants.B         # AttributeError

Constants.A = 'Five'    # sets Constants.A to 'Five'
Constants.A = 5         # AttributeError
del Constants.A         # AttributeError

请随意提出改进建议。

你可以使用Tuple常量变量:

tuple是一个有序且不可更改的集合

my_tuple = (1, "Hello", 3.4)
print(my_tuple[0])

你可以简单地:

STRING_CONSTANT = "hi"
NUMBER_CONSTANT = 89

希望这能让一切变得简单

这并不完全是常数，但从python 3.7开始，你可以使用如下所示的数据类模块:

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Final

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class A():
    a1:Final = 3

a = A()

a.a1 = 4

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FrozenInstanceError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-14-5f7f4efc5bf0> in <module>
----> 1 a.a1 = 4

<string> in __setattr__(self, name, value)

FrozenInstanceError: cannot assign to field 'a1'

扩展Raufio的答案，添加__repr__来返回值。

class const(object):
    def __init__(self, val):
        super(const, self).__setattr__("value", val)
    def __setattr__(self, name, val):
        raise ValueError("Trying to change a constant value", self)
    def __repr__(self):
        return ('{0}'.format(self.value))

dt = const(float(0.01))
print dt

那么对象的行为就更像你所期望的那样，你可以直接访问它而不是使用"。value "

使用namedtuple有一种更干净的方法:

from collections import namedtuple


def make_consts(name, **kwargs):
    return namedtuple(name, kwargs.keys())(**kwargs)

使用的例子

CONSTS = make_consts("baz1",
                     foo=1,
                     bar=2)

使用这种方法，您可以为常数命名空间。