我正在学习异步/等待,遇到了需要同步调用异步方法的情况。我该怎么做呢?

异步方法:

public async Task<Customers> GetCustomers()
{
    return await Service.GetCustomersAsync();
}

正常的用法:

public async void GetCustomers()
{
    customerList = await GetCustomers();
}

我尝试使用以下方法:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.Wait()

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.RunSynchronously();

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
while(task.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)

我还尝试了这里的一个建议,但是当调度程序处于挂起状态时,它不起作用。

public static void WaitWithPumping(this Task task) 
{
        if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(“task”);
        var nestedFrame = new DispatcherFrame();
        task.ContinueWith(_ => nestedFrame.Continue = false);
        Dispatcher.PushFrame(nestedFrame);
        task.Wait();
}

下面是调用runsynchronically时的异常和堆栈跟踪:

系统。InvalidOperationException 消息:在未绑定到委托的任务上不能调用runsynchronically。 InnerException:零 来源:mscorlib 加:

          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InternalRunSynchronously(TaskScheduler scheduler)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunSynchronously()
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.CreateAvailablePanelList() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 638
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.get_AvailablePanels() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 233
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>b__36(DesktopPanel panel) in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 597
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.ForEach(Action`1 action)
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>d__3b.MoveNext() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 625
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.<>c__DisplayClass7.<TrySetContinuationForAwait>b__1(Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
   at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run()
   at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(Object ignore)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run()
   at MyApplication.App.Main() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:line 50
   at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
   at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()

当前回答

令人惊讶的是没有人提到这一点:

public Task<int> BlahAsync()
{
    // ...
}

int result = BlahAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();

虽然不像这里的其他一些方法那么漂亮,但它有以下好处:

它不会吞下异常(像Wait) 它不会包装在AggregateException中抛出的任何异常(如Result) 适用于Task和Task<T>(自己试试!)

此外,由于GetAwaiter是鸭子类型的,这应该适用于从异步方法返回的任何对象(如ConfiguredAwaitable或YieldAwaitable),而不仅仅是任务。


edit:请注意,这种方法(或使用. result)可能会死锁,除非你确保每次等待时都添加. configureawait (false),对于所有可能从BlahAsync()到达的异步方法(不仅仅是它直接调用的方法)。解释。

// In BlahAsync() body
await FooAsync(); // BAD!
await FooAsync().ConfigureAwait(false); // Good... but make sure FooAsync() and
                                        // all its descendants use ConfigureAwait(false)
                                        // too. Then you can be sure that
                                        // BlahAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult()
                                        // won't deadlock.

如果你懒得在所有地方添加.ConfigureAwait(false),并且你不关心性能,你也可以这样做

Task.Run(() => BlahAsync()).GetAwaiter().GetResult()

其他回答

    private int GetSync()
    {
        try
        {
            ManualResetEvent mre = new ManualResetEvent(false);
            int result = null;

            Parallel.Invoke(async () =>
            {
                result = await SomeCalcAsync(5+5);
                mre.Set();
            });

            mre.WaitOne();
            return result;
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

下面是我发现的一个变通方法,适用于所有情况(包括被停职的调度员)。这不是我的代码,我仍在努力完全理解它,但它确实有效。

它可以被调用使用:

customerList = AsyncHelpers.RunSync<List<Customer>>(() => GetCustomers());

代码从这里开始

public static class AsyncHelpers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Execute's an async Task<T> method which has a void return value synchronously
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="task">Task<T> method to execute</param>
    public static void RunSync(Func<Task> task)
    {
        var oldContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        var synch = new ExclusiveSynchronizationContext();
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(synch);
        synch.Post(async _ =>
        {
            try
            {
                await task();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                synch.InnerException = e;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                synch.EndMessageLoop();
            }
        }, null);
        synch.BeginMessageLoop();

        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(oldContext);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Execute's an async Task<T> method which has a T return type synchronously
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Return Type</typeparam>
    /// <param name="task">Task<T> method to execute</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static T RunSync<T>(Func<Task<T>> task)
    {
        var oldContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        var synch = new ExclusiveSynchronizationContext();
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(synch);
        T ret = default(T);
        synch.Post(async _ =>
        {
            try
            {
                ret = await task();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                synch.InnerException = e;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                synch.EndMessageLoop();
            }
        }, null);
        synch.BeginMessageLoop();
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(oldContext);
        return ret;
    }

    private class ExclusiveSynchronizationContext : SynchronizationContext
    {
        private bool done;
        public Exception InnerException { get; set; }
        readonly AutoResetEvent workItemsWaiting = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        readonly Queue<Tuple<SendOrPostCallback, object>> items =
            new Queue<Tuple<SendOrPostCallback, object>>();

        public override void Send(SendOrPostCallback d, object state)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("We cannot send to our same thread");
        }

        public override void Post(SendOrPostCallback d, object state)
        {
            lock (items)
            {
                items.Enqueue(Tuple.Create(d, state));
            }
            workItemsWaiting.Set();
        }

        public void EndMessageLoop()
        {
            Post(_ => done = true, null);
        }

        public void BeginMessageLoop()
        {
            while (!done)
            {
                Tuple<SendOrPostCallback, object> task = null;
                lock (items)
                {
                    if (items.Count > 0)
                    {
                        task = items.Dequeue();
                    }
                }
                if (task != null)
                {
                    task.Item1(task.Item2);
                    if (InnerException != null) // the method threw an exeption
                    {
                        throw new AggregateException("AsyncHelpers.Run method threw an exception.", InnerException);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    workItemsWaiting.WaitOne();
                }
            }
        }

        public override SynchronizationContext CreateCopy()
        {
            return this;
        }
    }
}

我知道这是一个老问题,但我想分享我的解决方案,可能不是最好的,但有效:

//Declare an Event Handler:
private event EventHandler OnThemeApply;

//..somewhere in your code..

//we 'hear' the event handler
this.OnThemeApply += (object _Sender, EventArgs _E) =>
{
  //Reaches here After the Async method had finished
  
  this.OnThemeApply = null;
};
MyAsycMethod();

private void MyAsycMethod()
{
   var t = System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Factory.StartNew(delegate
   {
      //Do something here

      Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() =>
      {
         if(this.OnThemeApply != null) this.OnThemeApply(null, null); //<- Calls the Event
      }));
   });
}

我遇到过几次,主要是在单元测试或windows服务开发中。目前我一直在使用这个功能:

        var runSync = Task.Factory.StartNew(new Func<Task>(async () =>
        {
            Trace.WriteLine("Task runSync Start");
            await TaskEx.Delay(2000); // Simulates a method that returns a task and
                                      // inside it is possible that there
                                      // async keywords or anothers tasks
            Trace.WriteLine("Task runSync Completed");
        })).Unwrap();
        Trace.WriteLine("Before runSync Wait");
        runSync.Wait();
        Trace.WriteLine("After runSync Waited");

这很简单,很容易,我没有任何问题。

或者你可以直接说:

customerList = Task.Run<List<Customer>>(() => { return GetCustomers(); }).Result;

要进行编译,请确保引用扩展程序集:

System.Net.Http.Formatting