我如何运行异步任务<T>方法同步?

我正在学习异步/等待，遇到了需要同步调用异步方法的情况。我该怎么做呢?

异步方法:

public async Task<Customers> GetCustomers()
{
    return await Service.GetCustomersAsync();
}

正常的用法:

public async void GetCustomers()
{
    customerList = await GetCustomers();
}

我尝试使用以下方法:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.Wait()

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.RunSynchronously();

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
while(task.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)

我还尝试了这里的一个建议，但是当调度程序处于挂起状态时，它不起作用。

public static void WaitWithPumping(this Task task) 
{
        if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(“task”);
        var nestedFrame = new DispatcherFrame();
        task.ContinueWith(_ => nestedFrame.Continue = false);
        Dispatcher.PushFrame(nestedFrame);
        task.Wait();
}

下面是调用runsynchronically时的异常和堆栈跟踪:

系统。InvalidOperationException 消息:在未绑定到委托的任务上不能调用runsynchronically。 InnerException:零来源:mscorlib 加:

          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InternalRunSynchronously(TaskScheduler scheduler)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunSynchronously()
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.CreateAvailablePanelList() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 638
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.get_AvailablePanels() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 233
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>b__36(DesktopPanel panel) in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 597
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.ForEach(Action`1 action)
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>d__3b.MoveNext() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 625
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.<>c__DisplayClass7.<TrySetContinuationForAwait>b__1(Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
   at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run()
   at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(Object ignore)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run()
   at MyApplication.App.Main() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:line 50
   at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
   at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()

当前回答

我发现同步运行任务且不阻塞UI线程的最简单方法是使用runsynchronize()，如下所示:

Task t = new Task(() => 
{ 
   //.... YOUR CODE ....
});
t.RunSynchronously();

在我的示例中，我有一个事件，它在发生某些事情时触发。我不知道还会发生多少次。所以，我在我的事件中使用上面的代码，所以每当它触发时，它都会创建一个任务。任务是同步执行的，这对我来说很棒。我只是很惊讶，我花了这么长时间才发现这一点，考虑到它是多么简单。通常，推荐要复杂得多，而且容易出错。这是它的简单和干净。

2016-10-25 23:22:45

其他回答

这对我来说很有效

public static class TaskHelper
{
    public static void RunTaskSynchronously(this Task t)
    {
        var task = Task.Run(async () => await t);
        task.Wait();
    }

    public static T RunTaskSynchronously<T>(this Task<T> t)
    {
        T res = default(T);
        var task = Task.Run(async () => res = await t);
        task.Wait();
        return res;
    }
}

2014-07-23 05:42:37

注意一下，这种方法:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.Wait()

为WinRT工作。

让我解释一下:

private void TestMethod()
{
    Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers(); // call async method as sync and get task as result
    task.Wait(); // wait executing the method
    var customer = task.Result; // get's result.
    Debug.WriteLine(customer.Name); //print customer name
}
public class Customer
{
    public Customer()
    {
        new ManualResetEvent(false).WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));//wait 5 second (long term operation)
    }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
private Task<Customer> GetCustomers()
{
    return Task.Run(() => new Customer
    {
        Name = "MyName"
    });
}

此外，这种方法只适用于Windows商店解决方案!

注意:如果你在其他异步方法中调用你的方法，这种方法是不线程安全的(根据@Servy的评论)

2012-06-20 22:10:20

我认为下面的助手方法也可以解决这个问题。

private TResult InvokeAsyncFuncSynchronously<TResult>(Func< Task<TResult>> func)
    {
        TResult result = default(TResult);
        var autoResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

        Task.Run(async () =>
        {
            try
            {
                result = await func();
            }
            catch (Exception exc)
            {
                mErrorLogger.LogError(exc.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                autoResetEvent.Set();
            }
        });
        autoResetEvent.WaitOne();

        return result;
    }

可通过以下方式使用:

InvokeAsyncFuncSynchronously(Service.GetCustomersAsync);

2016-02-16 09:58:37

我在Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Core组件中找到了这段代码，它可以工作。

private static readonly TaskFactory _myTaskFactory = new 
     TaskFactory(CancellationToken.None, TaskCreationOptions.None, 
     TaskContinuationOptions.None, TaskScheduler.Default);

// Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.AsyncHelper
public static TResult RunSync<TResult>(Func<Task<TResult>> func)
{
    CultureInfo cultureUi = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
    CultureInfo culture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
    return AsyncHelper._myTaskFactory.StartNew<Task<TResult>>(delegate
    {
        Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
        Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureUi;
        return func();
    }).Unwrap<TResult>().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}

2014-12-02 02:06:48

使用下面的代码剪辑

Task.WaitAll(Task.Run(async () => await service.myAsyncMethod()));

2016-10-19 04:13:30

我如何运行异步任务<T>方法同步?

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