如何将str转换为float?"545.2222" → 545.2222如何将str转换为int?"31" → 31
相反,请参见在Python中将整数转换为字符串和将浮点转换为字符串而不舍入。
请改为使用“如何将输入读取为数字?”?关闭重复问题,其中OP从用户输入中接收到字符串并立即想要转换它,或者希望输入(在3.x中)自动转换类型。
如何将str转换为float?"545.2222" → 545.2222如何将str转换为int?"31" → 31
相反,请参见在Python中将整数转换为字符串和将浮点转换为字符串而不舍入。
请改为使用“如何将输入读取为数字?”?关闭重复问题,其中OP从用户输入中接收到字符串并立即想要转换它,或者希望输入(在3.x中)自动转换类型。
当前回答
这是一个函数,它将根据提供的实际字符串是否像int或float,将任何对象(不仅仅是str)转换为int或floate。此外,如果它是同时具有__float和__int__方法的对象,则默认使用__float__
def conv_to_num(x, num_type='asis'):
'''Converts an object to a number if possible.
num_type: int, float, 'asis'
Defaults to floating point in case of ambiguity.
'''
import numbers
is_num, is_str, is_other = [False]*3
if isinstance(x, numbers.Number):
is_num = True
elif isinstance(x, str):
is_str = True
is_other = not any([is_num, is_str])
if is_num:
res = x
elif is_str:
is_float, is_int, is_char = [False]*3
try:
res = float(x)
if '.' in x:
is_float = True
else:
is_int = True
except ValueError:
res = x
is_char = True
else:
if num_type == 'asis':
funcs = [int, float]
else:
funcs = [num_type]
for func in funcs:
try:
res = func(x)
break
except TypeError:
continue
else:
res = x
其他回答
还有正则表达式,因为有时字符串在转换为数字之前必须准备好并规范化:
import re
def parseNumber(value, as_int=False):
try:
number = float(re.sub('[^.\-\d]', '', value))
if as_int:
return int(number + 0.5)
else:
return number
except ValueError:
return float('nan') # or None if you wish
用法:
parseNumber('13,345')
> 13345.0
parseNumber('- 123 000')
> -123000.0
parseNumber('99999\n')
> 99999.0
顺便说一句,有些东西可以验证你有一个号码:
import numbers
def is_number(value):
return isinstance(value, numbers.Number)
# Will work with int, float, long, Decimal
你需要考虑四舍五入才能做到这一点。
即-int(5.1)=>5int(5.6)=>5——错误,应该是6,所以我们做int(5.6+0.5)=>6
def convert(n):
try:
return int(n)
except ValueError:
return float(n + 0.5)
YAML解析器可以帮助您确定字符串的数据类型。使用YAML.load(),然后可以使用type(result)测试类型:
>>> import yaml
>>> a = "545.2222"
>>> result = yaml.load(a)
>>> result
545.22220000000004
>>> type(result)
<type 'float'>
>>> b = "31"
>>> result = yaml.load(b)
>>> result
31
>>> type(result)
<type 'int'>
>>> c = "HI"
>>> result = yaml.load(c)
>>> result
'HI'
>>> type(result)
<type 'str'>
这是对你的问题的另一种解释(提示:它很模糊)。你可能正在寻找这样的东西:
def parseIntOrFloat( aString ):
return eval( aString )
它是这样工作的。。。
>>> parseIntOrFloat("545.2222")
545.22220000000004
>>> parseIntOrFloat("545")
545
理论上,存在注入漏洞。例如,字符串可以是“import os;os.art()”。然而,如果没有任何关于字符串来源的背景信息,理论上可能是推测。因为这个问题很模糊,所以根本不清楚这个漏洞是否真的存在。
处理十六进制、八进制、二进制、十进制和浮点
这个解决方案将处理数字的所有字符串约定(我所知道的)。
def to_number(n):
''' Convert any number representation to a number
This covers: float, decimal, hex, and octal numbers.
'''
try:
return int(str(n), 0)
except:
try:
# Python 3 doesn't accept "010" as a valid octal. You must use the
# '0o' prefix
return int('0o' + n, 0)
except:
return float(n)
这个测试用例输出说明了我所说的内容。
======================== CAPTURED OUTPUT =========================
to_number(3735928559) = 3735928559 == 3735928559
to_number("0xFEEDFACE") = 4277009102 == 4277009102
to_number("0x0") = 0 == 0
to_number(100) = 100 == 100
to_number("42") = 42 == 42
to_number(8) = 8 == 8
to_number("0o20") = 16 == 16
to_number("020") = 16 == 16
to_number(3.14) = 3.14 == 3.14
to_number("2.72") = 2.72 == 2.72
to_number("1e3") = 1000.0 == 1000
to_number(0.001) = 0.001 == 0.001
to_number("0xA") = 10 == 10
to_number("012") = 10 == 10
to_number("0o12") = 10 == 10
to_number("0b01010") = 10 == 10
to_number("10") = 10 == 10
to_number("10.0") = 10.0 == 10
to_number("1e1") = 10.0 == 10
下面是测试:
class test_to_number(unittest.TestCase):
def test_hex(self):
# All of the following should be converted to an integer
#
values = [
# HEX
# ----------------------
# Input | Expected
# ----------------------
(0xDEADBEEF , 3735928559), # Hex
("0xFEEDFACE", 4277009102), # Hex
("0x0" , 0), # Hex
# Decimals
# ----------------------
# Input | Expected
# ----------------------
(100 , 100), # Decimal
("42" , 42), # Decimal
]
values += [
# Octals
# ----------------------
# Input | Expected
# ----------------------
(0o10 , 8), # Octal
("0o20" , 16), # Octal
("020" , 16), # Octal
]
values += [
# Floats
# ----------------------
# Input | Expected
# ----------------------
(3.14 , 3.14), # Float
("2.72" , 2.72), # Float
("1e3" , 1000), # Float
(1e-3 , 0.001), # Float
]
values += [
# All ints
# ----------------------
# Input | Expected
# ----------------------
("0xA" , 10),
("012" , 10),
("0o12" , 10),
("0b01010" , 10),
("10" , 10),
("10.0" , 10),
("1e1" , 10),
]
for _input, expected in values:
value = to_number(_input)
if isinstance(_input, str):
cmd = 'to_number("{}")'.format(_input)
else:
cmd = 'to_number({})'.format(_input)
print("{:23} = {:10} == {:10}".format(cmd, value, expected))
self.assertEqual(value, expected)