如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
@Test(expectedException=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() throws Exception {
doThrow(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class).when(foo).doStuff();
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
assertEquals(IndexOutOfBoundsException .class, ex.getCause().getClass());
throw e;
}
}
下面是检查方法是否抛出了正确异常的另一种方法。
其他回答
Java 8解决方案
如果您想要一个解决方案：
利用Java 8 lambda不依赖任何JUnit魔法允许您检查单个测试方法中的多个异常检查测试方法中特定的一组行（而不是整个测试方法中的任何未知行）是否引发异常生成引发的实际异常对象，以便您可以进一步检查它
下面是我编写的实用函数：
public final <T extends Throwable> T expectException( Class<T> exceptionClass, Runnable runnable )
{
try
{
runnable.run();
}
catch( Throwable throwable )
{
if( throwable instanceof AssertionError && throwable.getCause() != null )
throwable = throwable.getCause(); //allows testing for "assert x != null : new IllegalArgumentException();"
assert exceptionClass.isInstance( throwable ) : throwable; //exception of the wrong kind was thrown.
assert throwable.getClass() == exceptionClass : throwable; //exception thrown was a subclass, but not the exact class, expected.
@SuppressWarnings( "unchecked" )
T result = (T)throwable;
return result;
}
assert false; //expected exception was not thrown.
return null; //to keep the compiler happy.
}
（摘自我的博客）
使用方法如下：
@Test
public void testMyFunction()
{
RuntimeException e = expectException( RuntimeException.class, () ->
{
myFunction();
} );
assert e.getMessage().equals( "I haz fail!" );
}
public void myFunction()
{
throw new RuntimeException( "I haz fail!" );
}
我使用Java 8 lambdas的解决方案：
public static <T extends Throwable> T assertThrows(Class<T> expected, ThrowingRunnable action) throws Throwable {
try {
action.run();
Assert.fail("Did not throw expected " + expected.getSimpleName());
return null; // never actually
} catch (Throwable actual) {
if (!expected.isAssignableFrom(actual.getClass())) { // runtime '!(actual instanceof expected)'
System.err.println("Threw " + actual.getClass().getSimpleName()
+ ", which is not a subtype of expected "
+ expected.getSimpleName());
throw actual; // throw the unexpected Throwable for maximum transparency
} else {
return (T) actual; // return the expected Throwable for further examination
}
}
}
您必须定义FunctionalInterface，因为Runnable没有声明所需的抛出。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ThrowingRunnable {
void run() throws Throwable;
}
方法如下：
class CustomException extends Exception {
public final String message;
public CustomException(final String message) { this.message = message;}
}
CustomException e = assertThrows(CustomException.class, () -> {
throw new CustomException("Lorem Ipsum");
});
assertEquals("Lorem Ipsum", e.message);
@Test(expectedException=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() throws Exception {
doThrow(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class).when(foo).doStuff();
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
assertEquals(IndexOutOfBoundsException .class, ex.getCause().getClass());
throw e;
}
}
下面是检查方法是否抛出了正确异常的另一种方法。
我们可以在必须返回异常的方法之后使用断言失败：
try{
methodThatThrowMyException();
Assert.fail("MyException is not thrown !");
} catch (final Exception exception) {
// Verify if the thrown exception is instance of MyException, otherwise throws an assert failure
assertTrue(exception instanceof MyException, "An exception other than MyException is thrown !");
// In case of verifying the error message
MyException myException = (MyException) exception;
assertEquals("EXPECTED ERROR MESSAGE", myException.getMessage());
}
小心使用预期的异常，因为它只断言方法抛出了该异常，而不是测试中的特定代码行。
我倾向于将其用于测试参数验证，因为这样的方法通常非常简单，但更复杂的测试可能更好：
try {
methodThatShouldThrow();
fail( "My method didn't throw when I expected it to" );
} catch (MyException expectedException) {
}
应用判断。
