我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展,我想知道:当一个元素出现时,最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript,间隔检查,直到一个元素存在,或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?


当前回答

简单的Javascript。

cont elementExist = setInterval(() => {
    var elm = document.getElementById("elementId")
    if (elm!=null)
         // call your function here to do something
        clearInterval(elementExist);
    }
}, 100);

注意:这将阻塞其他执行

其他回答

我使用这种方法等待一个元素出现,这样我就可以在那之后执行其他函数。

让我们说doTheRestOfTheStuff(参数)函数应该只在ID为the_Element_ID的元素出现或完成加载后调用,我们可以使用,

var existCondition = setInterval(function() {
 if ($('#the_Element_ID').length) {
    console.log("Exists!");
    clearInterval(existCondition);
    doTheRestOfTheStuff(parameters);
 }
}, 100); // check every 100ms

更新

下面是一个更新的版本,可以使用承诺。如果达到特定的尝试次数,它也会“停止”。

function _waitForElement(selector, delay = 50, tries = 100) {
    const element = document.querySelector(selector);

    if (!window[`__${selector}`]) {
      window[`__${selector}`] = 0;
      window[`__${selector}__delay`] = delay;
      window[`__${selector}__tries`] = tries;
    }

    function _search() {
      return new Promise((resolve) => {
        window[`__${selector}`]++;
        setTimeout(resolve, window[`__${selector}__delay`]);
      });
    }

    if (element === null) {
      if (window[`__${selector}`] >= window[`__${selector}__tries`]) {
        window[`__${selector}`] = 0;
        return Promise.resolve(null);
      }

      return _search().then(() => _waitForElement(selector));
    } else {
      return Promise.resolve(element);
    }
  }

用法很简单,用await使用它只是确保你在一个 异步功能:

const start = (async () => {
  const $el = await _waitForElement(`.my-selector`);
  console.log($el);
})();

过时的版本

只需添加所需的选择器。一旦找到元素,就可以在回调函数中访问它。

const waitUntilElementExists = (selector, callback) => {
const el = document.querySelector(selector);

if (el){
    return callback(el);
}

setTimeout(() => waitUntilElementExists(selector, callback), 500);
}

waitUntilElementExists('.wait-for-me', (el) => console.log(el));

下面的observe函数将允许您通过选择器监听元素。

在下面的例子中,2秒过后,.greeting将被插入到.container中。因为我们正在监听这个元素的插入,所以我们可以有一个在插入时触发的回调。

const observe = (selector, callback, targetNode = document.body) => new MutationObserver(mutations => [...mutations] .flatMap((mutation) => [...mutation.addedNodes]) .filter((node) => node.matches && node.matches(selector)) .forEach(callback)) .observe(targetNode, { childList: true, subtree: true }); const createGreeting = () => { const el = document.createElement('DIV'); el.textContent = 'Hello World'; el.classList.add('greeting'); return el; }; const container = document.querySelector('.container'); observe('.greeting', el => console.log('I have arrived!', el), container); new Promise(res => setTimeout(() => res(createGreeting()), 2000)) .then(el => container.appendChild(el)); html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; } .container { display: flex; flex: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .greeting { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } <div class="container"></div>


更新

下面是一个实验性的async/await示例。

const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res, ms)); const observe = (selector, targetNode = document.body) => new Promise(res => { new MutationObserver(mutations => res([...mutations] .flatMap((mutation) => [...mutation.addedNodes]) .find((node) => node.matches && node.matches(selector)))) .observe(targetNode, { childList: true, subtree: true }); }); const createGreeting = () => { const el = document.createElement('DIV'); el.textContent = 'Hello World'; el.classList.add('greeting'); return el; }; const container = document.querySelector('.container'); observe('.greeting', container) .then(el => console.log('I have arrived!', el)); (async () => { await sleep(2000); container.appendChild(createGreeting()); })(); html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; } .container { display: flex; flex: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .greeting { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } <div class="container"></div>

这是写在王勇答案(最高分答案)上面的一个更好的版本。

增加的特性:您可以等待一个元素特定的时间,精确定位,以提高性能。

async function waitForElement(selector, timeout = null, location = document.body) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
        let element = document.querySelector(selector);
        if (element) {
            return resolve(element);
        }

        const observer = new MutationObserver(async () => {
            let element = document.querySelector(selector);
            if (element) {
                resolve(element);
                observer.disconnect();
            } else {
                if (timeout) {
                    async function timeOver() {
                        return new Promise((resolve) => {
                            setTimeout(() => {
                                observer.disconnect();
                                resolve(false);
                            }, timeout);
                        });
                    }
                    resolve(await timeOver());
                }
            }
        });

        observer.observe(location, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true,
        });
    });
}

用法:

await waitForElement(".nav-alt", 500, ".main-body")

奖励:等待一个元素从DOM中消失。

async function waitForElementDeath(selector, location = document.body) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
        const observer = new MutationObserver(async () => {
            if (!document.querySelector(selector)) {
                resolve(true);
                observer.disconnect();
            }
        });

        observer.observe(location, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true,
        });
    });
}

用法:

await waitForElementDeath(".Popup-div", "Popup-Container")

你可以这样做

$('#yourelement').ready(function() {

});

请注意,这只在从服务器请求元素时元素出现在DOM中时才有效。如果元素是通过JavaScript动态添加的,那么它将不起作用,您可能需要查看其他答案。