我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象,我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好,但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢?
如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象,是不是会更好?
你可以试试这个:
class User(object):
def __init__(self, name, username):
self.name = name
self.username = username
import json
j = json.loads(your_json)
u = User(**j)
只需创建一个新对象,并将参数作为映射传递。
你也可以有一个带有对象的JSON:
import json
class Address(object):
def __init__(self, street, number):
self.street = street
self.number = number
def __str__(self):
return "{0} {1}".format(self.street, self.number)
class User(object):
def __init__(self, name, address):
self.name = name
self.address = Address(**address)
def __str__(self):
return "{0} ,{1}".format(self.name, self.address)
if __name__ == '__main__':
js = '''{"name":"Cristian", "address":{"street":"Sesame","number":122}}'''
j = json.loads(js)
print(j)
u = User(**j)
print(u)
因此,我正在寻找一种不需要大量自定义反序列化代码就能解组任意类型(想想数据类的字典,或者数据类数组的字典的字典)的方法。
这是我的方法:
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, make_dataclass
from dataclasses_json import DataClassJsonMixin, dataclass_json
@dataclass_json
@dataclass
class Person:
name: str
def unmarshal_json(data, t):
Unmarhsal = make_dataclass('Unmarhsal', [('res', t)],
bases=(DataClassJsonMixin,))
d = json.loads(data)
out = Unmarhsal.from_dict({"res": d})
return out.res
unmarshalled = unmarshal_json('{"1": {"name": "john"} }', dict[str, Person])
print(unmarshalled)
打印:{'1':Person(name='john')}
查看JSON模块文档中的专门化JSON对象解码一节。您可以使用它将JSON对象解码为特定的Python类型。
这里有一个例子:
class User(object):
def __init__(self, name, username):
self.name = name
self.username = username
import json
def object_decoder(obj):
if '__type__' in obj and obj['__type__'] == 'User':
return User(obj['name'], obj['username'])
return obj
json.loads('{"__type__": "User", "name": "John Smith", "username": "jsmith"}',
object_hook=object_decoder)
print type(User) # -> <type 'type'>
更新
如果你想通过json模块访问字典中的数据,可以这样做:
user = json.loads('{"__type__": "User", "name": "John Smith", "username": "jsmith"}')
print user['name']
print user['username']
就像一本普通的字典。
这里有一个快速而肮脏的json pickle替代方案
import json
class User:
def __init__(self, name, username):
self.name = name
self.username = username
def to_json(self):
return json.dumps(self.__dict__)
@classmethod
def from_json(cls, json_str):
json_dict = json.loads(json_str)
return cls(**json_dict)
# example usage
User("tbrown", "Tom Brown").to_json()
User.from_json(User("tbrown", "Tom Brown").to_json()).to_json()
在寻找解决方案时,我偶然发现了这个博客:https://blog.mosthege.net/2016/11/12/json-deserialization-of-nested-objects/
它使用与前面回答中相同的技术,但使用了装饰器。
我发现另一件有用的事情是,它在反序列化结束时返回一个类型化对象
class JsonConvert(object):
class_mappings = {}
@classmethod
def class_mapper(cls, d):
for keys, cls in clsself.mappings.items():
if keys.issuperset(d.keys()): # are all required arguments present?
return cls(**d)
else:
# Raise exception instead of silently returning None
raise ValueError('Unable to find a matching class for object: {!s}'.format(d))
@classmethod
def complex_handler(cls, Obj):
if hasattr(Obj, '__dict__'):
return Obj.__dict__
else:
raise TypeError('Object of type %s with value of %s is not JSON serializable' % (type(Obj), repr(Obj)))
@classmethod
def register(cls, claz):
clsself.mappings[frozenset(tuple([attr for attr,val in cls().__dict__.items()]))] = cls
return cls
@classmethod
def to_json(cls, obj):
return json.dumps(obj.__dict__, default=cls.complex_handler, indent=4)
@classmethod
def from_json(cls, json_str):
return json.loads(json_str, object_hook=cls.class_mapper)
用法:
@JsonConvert.register
class Employee(object):
def __init__(self, Name:int=None, Age:int=None):
self.Name = Name
self.Age = Age
return
@JsonConvert.register
class Company(object):
def __init__(self, Name:str="", Employees:[Employee]=None):
self.Name = Name
self.Employees = [] if Employees is None else Employees
return
company = Company("Contonso")
company.Employees.append(Employee("Werner", 38))
company.Employees.append(Employee("Mary"))
as_json = JsonConvert.to_json(company)
from_json = JsonConvert.from_json(as_json)
as_json_from_json = JsonConvert.to_json(from_json)
assert(as_json_from_json == as_json)
print(as_json_from_json)
更新
在Python3中,你可以使用SimpleNamespace和object_hook在一行中完成:
import json
from types import SimpleNamespace
data = '{"name": "John Smith", "hometown": {"name": "New York", "id": 123}}'
# Parse JSON into an object with attributes corresponding to dict keys.
x = json.loads(data, object_hook=lambda d: SimpleNamespace(**d))
print(x.name, x.hometown.name, x.hometown.id)
旧答案(Python2)
在Python2中,你可以使用namedtuple和object_hook在一行中完成(但对于嵌套对象非常慢):
import json
from collections import namedtuple
data = '{"name": "John Smith", "hometown": {"name": "New York", "id": 123}}'
# Parse JSON into an object with attributes corresponding to dict keys.
x = json.loads(data, object_hook=lambda d: namedtuple('X', d.keys())(*d.values()))
print x.name, x.hometown.name, x.hometown.id
或者,为了便于重用:
def _json_object_hook(d): return namedtuple('X', d.keys())(*d.values())
def json2obj(data): return json.loads(data, object_hook=_json_object_hook)
x = json2obj(data)
如果希望它处理不是很好的属性名称的键,请检查namedtuple的rename参数。