在学习(仍在学习)MVVM时，我真的为这个概念挣扎了一段时间。我的决定，以及我认为其他人已经决定但我不清楚的是:

我最初的想法是ViewModel不应该被允许直接调用对话框，因为它没有业务决定对话框应该如何显示。正因为如此，我开始思考如何像在MVP(即View.ShowSaveFileDialog())一样传递消息。然而，我认为这是错误的方法。

ViewModel直接调用对话框是可以的。然而，当您测试ViewModel时，这意味着对话框要么在测试期间弹出，要么全部失败(从未真正尝试过这个)。

因此，在测试时需要使用对话框的“测试”版本。这意味着，对于您拥有的任何对话，您都需要创建一个Interface，并模拟对话响应，或者创建一个具有默认行为的测试模拟。

您应该已经在使用某种服务定位器或IoC，您可以对其进行配置，以便根据上下文提供正确的版本。

使用这种方法，你的ViewModel仍然是可测试的，根据你如何模拟对话框，你可以控制行为。

希望这能有所帮助。

编辑:是的，我同意这不是一个正确的MVVM方法，我现在使用类似于由blindmeis建议的东西。

其中一种方法是

在你的主视图模型中(打开模态的地方):

void OpenModal()
{
    ModalWindowViewModel mwvm = new ModalWindowViewModel();
    Window mw = new Window();
    mw.content = mwvm;
    mw.ShowDialog()
    if(mw.DialogResult == true)
    { 
        // Your Code, you can access property in mwvm if you need.
    }
}

在你的模态窗口View/ViewModel中:

XAML:

<Button Name="okButton" Command="{Binding OkCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type Window}}}">OK</Button>
<Button Margin="2" VerticalAlignment="Center" Name="cancelButton" IsCancel="True">Cancel</Button>

ViewModel:

public ICommand OkCommand
{
    get
    {
        if (_okCommand == null)
        {
            _okCommand = new ActionCommand<Window>(DoOk, CanDoOk);
        }
        return _okCommand ;
    }
}

void DoOk(Window win)
{
    <!--Your Code-->
    win.DialogResult = true;
    win.Close();
}

bool CanDoOk(Window win) { return true; }

或者类似于这里发布的WPF MVVM:如何关闭一个窗口

Sorry, but I have to chime in. I have been through several of the suggested solutions, before finding the Prism.Wpf.Interactivity namespace in the Prism project. You can use interaction requests and popup window action to either roll a custom window or for simpler needs there are built in Notification and Confirmation popups. These create true windows and are managed as such. you can pass a context object with any dependencies you need in the dialog. We use this solution at my work since I found it. We have numerous senior devs here and noone has come up with anything better. Our previous solution was the dialog service into an overlay and using a presenter class to make it happen, but you had to have factories for all of the dialog viewmodels, etc.

这不是小事，但也不是超级复杂。而且它是内置在Prism中，因此是最好(或更好)的实践。

我的2分钱!

使用可冻结命令

<Grid>
        <Grid.DataContext>
            <WpfApplication1:ViewModel />
        </Grid.DataContext>


        <Button Content="Text">
            <Button.Command>
                <WpfApplication1:MessageBoxCommand YesCommand="{Binding MyViewModelCommand}" />
            </Button.Command>
        </Button>

</Grid>

public class MessageBoxCommand : Freezable, ICommand
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty YesCommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "YesCommand",
        typeof (ICommand),
        typeof (MessageBoxCommand),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
        );


    public static readonly DependencyProperty OKCommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "OKCommand",
        typeof (ICommand),
        typeof (MessageBoxCommand),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
        );


    public static readonly DependencyProperty CancelCommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "CancelCommand",
        typeof (ICommand),
        typeof (MessageBoxCommand),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
        );


    public static readonly DependencyProperty NoCommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "NoCommand",
        typeof (ICommand),
        typeof (MessageBoxCommand),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
        );


    public static readonly DependencyProperty MessageProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "Message",
        typeof (string),
        typeof (MessageBoxCommand),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("")
        );

    public static readonly DependencyProperty MessageBoxButtonsProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "MessageBoxButtons",
        typeof(MessageBoxButton),
        typeof(MessageBoxCommand),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(MessageBoxButton.OKCancel)
        );

    public ICommand YesCommand
    {
        get { return (ICommand) GetValue(YesCommandProperty); }
        set { SetValue(YesCommandProperty, value); }
    }

    public ICommand OKCommand
    {
        get { return (ICommand) GetValue(OKCommandProperty); }
        set { SetValue(OKCommandProperty, value); }
    }

    public ICommand CancelCommand
    {
        get { return (ICommand) GetValue(CancelCommandProperty); }
        set { SetValue(CancelCommandProperty, value); }
    }

    public ICommand NoCommand
    {
        get { return (ICommand) GetValue(NoCommandProperty); }
        set { SetValue(NoCommandProperty, value); }
    }

    public MessageBoxButton MessageBoxButtons
    {
        get { return (MessageBoxButton)GetValue(MessageBoxButtonsProperty); }
        set { SetValue(MessageBoxButtonsProperty, value); }
    }

    public string Message
    {
        get { return (string) GetValue(MessageProperty); }
        set { SetValue(MessageProperty, value); }
    }

    public void Execute(object parameter)
    {
        var messageBoxResult = MessageBox.Show(Message);
        switch (messageBoxResult)
        {
            case MessageBoxResult.OK:
                OKCommand.Execute(null);
                break;
            case MessageBoxResult.Yes:
                YesCommand.Execute(null);
                break;
            case MessageBoxResult.No:
                NoCommand.Execute(null);
                break;
            case MessageBoxResult.Cancel:
                if (CancelCommand != null) CancelCommand.Execute(null); //Cancel usually means do nothing ,so can be null
                break;

        }
    }

    public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
    {
        return true;
    }

    public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;


    protected override Freezable CreateInstanceCore()
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

Karl Shifflett创建了一个使用服务方法和Prism InteractionRequest方法显示对话框的示例应用程序。

我喜欢这种服务方式——它不太灵活，所以用户不太可能弄坏东西:) 它也与我的应用程序的WinForms部分(MessageBox.Show)一致。 但如果您计划显示许多不同的对话框，那么InteractionRequest是更好的方法。

http://karlshifflett.wordpress.com/2010/11/07/in-the-box-ndash-mvvm-training/

我也遇到过同样的问题。我已经提出了一种在视图和视图模型之间进行交互的方法。您可以发起从ViewModel向View发送消息，告诉它显示一个消息框，然后它将报告返回结果。然后ViewModel可以响应从View返回的结果。

我在博客中对此进行了说明: