以下是python中下载文件最常用的调用:

urllib。Urlretrieve ('url_to_file'， file_name) urllib2.urlopen(“url_to_file”) requests.get (url) wget。下载(“url”,file_name)

注意:urlopen和urlretrieve在下载大文件(大小为> 500 MB)时表现相对较差。请求。Get将文件存储在内存中，直到下载完成。

基于urllib3的新Api实现

>>> import urllib3
>>> http = urllib3.PoolManager()
>>> r = http.request('GET', 'your_url_goes_here')
>>> r.status
   200
>>> r.data
   *****Response Data****

更多信息:https://pypi.org/project/urllib3/

我想从网页上下载所有的文件。我尝试了wget，但它失败了，所以我决定使用Python路由，我找到了这个线程。

读完之后，我做了一个小的命令行应用程序，soupget，扩展了PabloG和Stan的优秀答案，并添加了一些有用的选项。

它使用BeatifulSoup收集页面的所有url，然后下载具有所需扩展名的url。最后，它可以同时下载多个文件。

下面就是:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import (division, absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals)
import sys, os, argparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# --- insert Stan's script here ---
# if sys.version_info >= (3,): 
#...
#...
# def download_file(url, dest=None): 
#...
#...

# --- new stuff ---
def collect_all_url(page_url, extensions):
    """
    Recovers all links in page_url checking for all the desired extensions
    """
    conn = urllib2.urlopen(page_url)
    html = conn.read()
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
    links = soup.find_all('a')

    results = []    
    for tag in links:
        link = tag.get('href', None)
        if link is not None: 
            for e in extensions:
                if e in link:
                    # Fallback for badly defined links
                    # checks for missing scheme or netloc
                    if bool(urlparse.urlparse(link).scheme) and bool(urlparse.urlparse(link).netloc):
                        results.append(link)
                    else:
                        new_url=urlparse.urljoin(page_url,link)                        
                        results.append(new_url)
    return results

if __name__ == "__main__":  # Only run if this file is called directly
    # Command line arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Download all files from a webpage.')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-u', '--url', 
        help='Page url to request')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-e', '--ext', 
        nargs='+',
        help='Extension(s) to find')    
    parser.add_argument(
        '-d', '--dest', 
        default=None,
        help='Destination where to save the files')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-p', '--par', 
        action='store_true', default=False, 
        help="Turns on parallel download")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Recover files to download
    all_links = collect_all_url(args.url, args.ext)

    # Download
    if not args.par:
        for l in all_links:
            try:
                filename = download_file(l, args.dest)
                print(l)
            except Exception as e:
                print("Error while downloading: {}".format(e))
    else:
        from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
        results = ThreadPool(10).imap_unordered(
            lambda x: download_file(x, args.dest), all_links)
        for p in results:
            print(p)

它的用法示例如下:

python3 soupget.py -p -e <list of extensions> -d <destination_folder> -u <target_webpage>

还有一个实际的例子，如果你想看到它的作用:

python3 soupget.py -p -e .xlsx .pdf .csv -u https://healthdata.gov/dataset/chemicals-cosmetics

Python 3

urllib.request.urlopen 进口urllib.request Response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/') HTML = response.read() urllib.request.urlretrieve 进口urllib.request urllib.request.urlretrieve (' http://www.example.com/songs/mp3.mp3 ', ' mp3.mp3 ') 注意:根据文档，urllib.request.urlretrieve是一个“遗留接口”，并且“在未来可能会被弃用”(感谢gerrit)

Python 2

urllib2。urlopen(谢谢科里) 进口urllib2 Response = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.example.com/') HTML = response.read() urllib。urlretrieve(感谢PabloG) 进口urllib urllib.urlretrieve (' http://www.example.com/songs/mp3.mp3 ', ' mp3.mp3 ')

我同意Corey的观点，urllib2比urllib更完整，如果你想做更复杂的事情，应该使用urllib2模块，但为了让答案更完整，如果你只想要基本的东西，urllib是一个更简单的模块:

import urllib
response = urllib.urlopen('http://www.example.com/sound.mp3')
mp3 = response.read()

会很好。或者，如果你不想处理"response"对象，你可以直接调用read():

import urllib
mp3 = urllib.urlopen('http://www.example.com/sound.mp3').read()

源代码可以是:

import urllib
sock = urllib.urlopen("http://diveintopython.org/")
htmlSource = sock.read()                            
sock.close()                                        
print htmlSource