我写了以下方法，并尝试将它们参数化，这样你就可以在查询文档中运行它们，或者轻松地使用它们制作一个有用的SP。

一)删除

如果你的表没有数百万条记录，这工作得很好，没有任何Alter命令:

---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------- Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @DbName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'MyDb'         --< Db Name
DECLARE @Schema AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'dbo'          --< Schema
DECLARE @TableName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Book'      --< Table Name
------------------ /Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------

DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(500) = 'Delete FROM ' + @TableName

EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query
SET @Query=@DbName+'.'+@Schema+'.'+@TableName
DBCC CHECKIDENT (@Query,RESEED, 0)

在我上面的回答中，解决问题中提到的问题的方法是基于@s15199d的回答。

B)截断

如果你的表有数百万条记录，或者你在你的代码中没有任何Alter命令的问题，那么使用这个:

--   Book                               Student
--
--   |  BookId  | Field1 |              | StudentId |  BookId  |
--   ---------------------              ------------------------ 
--   |    1     |    A   |              |     2     |    1     |  
--   |    2     |    B   |              |     1     |    1     |
--   |    3     |    C   |              |     2     |    3     |  

---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------- Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DECLARE @DbName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'MyDb'
DECLARE @Schema AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'dbo'
DECLARE @TableName_ToTruncate AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Book'

DECLARE @TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Student' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @Ref_ColumnName_In_TableName_ToTruncate AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'BookId' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @FK_ColumnName_In_TableOfOwnerOfConstraint AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'Fk_BookId' --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
DECLARE @FK_ConstraintName AS NVARCHAR(30) = 'FK_Book_Constraint'                --< Decelations About FK_Book_Constraint
------------------ /Just Fill Parameters Value ----------------

DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(2000)

SET @Query= 'ALTER TABLE '+@TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint+' DROP CONSTRAINT '+@FK_ConstraintName
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query

SET @Query= 'Truncate Table '+ @TableName_ToTruncate
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query

SET @Query= 'ALTER TABLE '+@TableName_OfOwnerOfConstraint+' ADD CONSTRAINT '+@FK_ConstraintName+' FOREIGN KEY('+@FK_ColumnName_In_TableOfOwnerOfConstraint+') REFERENCES '+@TableName_ToTruncate+'('+@Ref_ColumnName_In_TableName_ToTruncate+')'
EXECUTE sp_executesql @Query

在上面的回答中，我解决问题中提到的问题的方法是基于@LauroWolffValenteSobrinho的回答。 如果你有不止一个约束，那么你应该把它的代码像我一样附加到上面的查询 此外，您还可以更改上面的代码基@SerjSagan answer来禁用或启用约束

下面的工作对我来说，即使有FK约束，并结合以下答案，只删除指定的表:

事务自动回滚 循环使用逗号分隔的列表 执行动态SQL(使用变量中的表名) DELETE和RESEED表(在这个线程中)

USE [YourDB];

DECLARE @TransactionName varchar(20) = 'stopdropandroll';

BEGIN TRAN @TransactionName;
set xact_abort on; /* automatic rollback https://stackoverflow.com/a/1749788/1037948 */
    -- ===== DO WORK // =====

    -- dynamic sql placeholder
    DECLARE @SQL varchar(300);

    -- LOOP: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10031803/1037948
    -- list of things to loop
    DECLARE @delim char = ';';
    DECLARE @foreach varchar(MAX) = 'Table;Names;Separated;By;Delimiter' + @delim + 'AnotherName' + @delim + 'Still Another';
    DECLARE @token varchar(MAX);
    WHILE len(@foreach) > 0
    BEGIN
        -- set current loop token
        SET @token = left(@foreach, charindex(@delim, @foreach+@delim)-1)
        -- ======= DO WORK // ===========

        -- dynamic sql (parentheses are required): https://stackoverflow.com/a/989111/1037948
        SET @SQL = 'DELETE FROM [' + @token + ']; DBCC CHECKIDENT (''' + @token + ''',RESEED, 0);'; -- https://stackoverflow.com/a/11784890
        PRINT @SQL;
        EXEC (@SQL);

        -- ======= // END WORK ===========
        -- continue loop, chopping off token
        SET @foreach = stuff(@foreach, 1, charindex(@delim, @foreach+@delim), '')
    END

    -- ===== // END WORK =====
-- review and commit
SELECT @@TRANCOUNT as TransactionsPerformed, @@ROWCOUNT as LastRowsChanged;
COMMIT TRAN @TransactionName;

注意:

我认为这仍然有助于按照你想要删除的顺序声明表(即先删除依赖项)。从这个答案中可以看出，不是循环特定的名称，而是用所有表替换

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?; DBCC CHECKIDENT (''?'',RESEED, 0);';

@denver_citizen和@Peter Szanto的回答对我不太适用，但我修改了它们，以解释:

组合键 “删除”和“更新”动作 重新添加时检查索引 dbo以外的模式 同时处理多个表

DECLARE @Debug bit = 0;

-- List of tables to truncate
select
    SchemaName, Name
into #tables
from (values 
    ('schema', 'table')
    ,('schema2', 'table2')
) as X(SchemaName, Name)


BEGIN TRANSACTION TruncateTrans;

with foreignKeys AS (
     SELECT 
        SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) as SchemaName
        ,fk.Name as ConstraintName
        ,OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) as TableName
        ,SCHEMA_NAME(t.SCHEMA_ID) as ReferencedSchemaName
        ,OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName
        ,fc.constraint_column_id
        ,COL_NAME(fk.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName
        ,COL_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) as ReferencedColumnName
        ,fk.delete_referential_action_desc
        ,fk.update_referential_action_desc
    FROM sys.foreign_keys AS fk
        JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc
            ON fk.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
        JOIN #tables tbl 
            ON OBJECT_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id) = tbl.Name
        JOIN sys.tables t on OBJECT_NAME(t.object_id) = tbl.Name 
            and SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) = tbl.SchemaName
            and t.OBJECT_ID = fc.referenced_object_id
)



select
    quotename(fk.ConstraintName) AS ConstraintName
    ,quotename(fk.SchemaName) + '.' + quotename(fk.TableName) AS TableName
    ,quotename(fk.ReferencedSchemaName) + '.' + quotename(fk.ReferencedTableName) AS ReferencedTableName
    ,replace(fk.delete_referential_action_desc, '_', ' ') AS DeleteAction
    ,replace(fk.update_referential_action_desc, '_', ' ') AS UpdateAction
    ,STUFF((
        SELECT ',' + quotename(fk2.ColumnName)
        FROM foreignKeys fk2 
        WHERE fk2.ConstraintName = fk.ConstraintName and fk2.SchemaName = fk.SchemaName
        ORDER BY fk2.constraint_column_id
        FOR XML PATH('')
    ),1,1,'') AS ColumnNames
    ,STUFF((
        SELECT ',' + quotename(fk2.ReferencedColumnName)
        FROM foreignKeys fk2 
        WHERE fk2.ConstraintName = fk.ConstraintName and fk2.SchemaName = fk.SchemaName
        ORDER BY fk2.constraint_column_id
        FOR XML PATH('')
    ),1,1,'') AS ReferencedColumnNames
into #FKs
from foreignKeys fk
GROUP BY fk.SchemaName, fk.ConstraintName, fk.TableName, fk.ReferencedSchemaName, fk.ReferencedTableName, fk.delete_referential_action_desc, fk.update_referential_action_desc



-- Drop FKs
select 
    identity(int,1,1) as ID,
    'ALTER TABLE ' + fk.TableName + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + fk.ConstraintName AS script
into #scripts
from #FKs fk

-- Truncate 
insert into #scripts
select distinct 
    'TRUNCATE TABLE ' + quotename(tbl.SchemaName) + '.' + quotename(tbl.Name) AS script
from #tables tbl

-- Recreate
insert into #scripts
select 
    'ALTER TABLE ' + fk.TableName + 
    ' WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT ' + fk.ConstraintName + 
    ' FOREIGN KEY ('+ fk.ColumnNames +')' + 
    ' REFERENCES ' + fk.ReferencedTableName +' ('+ fk.ReferencedColumnNames +')' +
    ' ON DELETE ' + fk.DeleteAction COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS_KS_WS + ' ON UPDATE ' + fk.UpdateAction COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS_KS_WS AS script
from #FKs fk


DECLARE @script nvarchar(MAX);

DECLARE curScripts CURSOR FOR 
    select script
    from #scripts
    order by ID

OPEN curScripts

WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
    FETCH NEXT FROM curScripts INTO @script
    IF @@FETCH_STATUS != 0 BREAK;

    print @script;
    IF @Debug = 0
        EXEC (@script);
END
CLOSE curScripts
DEALLOCATE curScripts


drop table #scripts
drop table #FKs
drop table #tables


COMMIT TRANSACTION TruncateTrans;

你可以按照这个步骤来做， 通过重新播种表，可以删除表中的数据。

delete from table_name
dbcc checkident('table_name',reseed,0)

如果出现错误，则必须重新播种主表。

如果您以任何频率执行此操作，甚至在时间表上，我绝对不会明确地使用DML语句。写入事务日志的成本非常高，将整个数据库设置为SIMPLE恢复模式以截断一个表是荒谬的。

最好的办法，不幸是艰苦或费力的办法。这是:

减少约束 截断表 重新创建约束

我这样做的过程包括以下步骤:

在SSMS中，右键单击有问题的表，并选择查看依赖项 记下引用的表格(如果有的话) 回到对象资源管理器，展开Keys节点并记下外键(如果有的话) 开始编写脚本(删除/截断/重新创建)

这种性质的脚本应该在begin tran和commit tran块中完成。

如果不删除约束，就不能截断表。disable也不行。你需要放下一切。我已经做了一个脚本，删除所有约束，然后重新创建。

请确保将其包装在事务中;)

SET NOCOUNT ON
GO

DECLARE @table TABLE(
RowId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1, 1),
ForeignKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintTableName NVARCHAR(200),
ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName NVARCHAR(200),
PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName NVARCHAR(200)
)

INSERT INTO @table(ForeignKeyConstraintName, ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema, ForeignKeyConstraintTableName, ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName)
SELECT
U.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
U.TABLE_SCHEMA,
U.TABLE_NAME,
U.COLUMN_NAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE U
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS C
ON U.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE
C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintName = UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM
@table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS R
ON T.ForeignKeyConstraintName = R.CONSTRAINT_NAME

UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema = TABLE_SCHEMA,
PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName = TABLE_NAME
FROM @table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS C
ON T.PrimaryKeyConstraintName = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME

UPDATE @table SET
PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName = COLUMN_NAME
FROM @table T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE U
ON T.PrimaryKeyConstraintName = U.CONSTRAINT_NAME

--DROP CONSTRAINT:

DECLARE @dynSQL varchar(MAX);

DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR
SELECT
'
ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableName + ']
DROP CONSTRAINT ' + ForeignKeyConstraintName + '
'
FROM
@table

OPEN cur

FETCH cur into @dynSQL
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
BEGIN
    exec(@dynSQL)
    print @dynSQL

    FETCH cur into @dynSQL
END
CLOSE cur
DEALLOCATE cur
---------------------



   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!

    truncate table your_table

   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!
   --HERE GOES YOUR TRUNCATES!!!!!

---------------------
--ADD CONSTRAINT:

DECLARE cur2 CURSOR FOR
SELECT
'
ALTER TABLE [' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + ForeignKeyConstraintTableName + ']
ADD CONSTRAINT ' + ForeignKeyConstraintName + ' FOREIGN KEY(' + ForeignKeyConstraintColumnName + ') REFERENCES [' + PrimaryKeyConstraintTableSchema + '].[' + PrimaryKeyConstraintTableName + '](' + PrimaryKeyConstraintColumnName + ')
'
FROM
@table

OPEN cur2

FETCH cur2 into @dynSQL
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
BEGIN
    exec(@dynSQL)

    print @dynSQL

    FETCH cur2 into @dynSQL
END
CLOSE cur2
DEALLOCATE cur2