我在c++中使用以下方法解析字符串:
using namespace std;
string parsed,input="text to be parsed";
stringstream input_stringstream(input);
if (getline(input_stringstream,parsed,' '))
{
// do some processing.
}
使用单个字符分隔符进行解析是可以的。但是如果我想使用字符串作为分隔符呢?
例子:我想拆分:
scott>=tiger
用>=作为分隔符，这样我就可以得到斯科特和老虎。
当前回答
以防将来，有人想跳出Vincenzo Pii答案的盒子函数
#include <vector>
#include <string>
std::vector<std::string> SplitString(
std::string str,
std::string delimeter)
{
std::vector<std::string> splittedStrings = {};
size_t pos = 0;
while ((pos = str.find(delimeter)) != std::string::npos)
{
std::string token = str.substr(0, pos);
if (token.length() > 0)
splittedStrings.push_back(token);
str.erase(0, pos + delimeter.length());
}
if (str.length() > 0)
splittedStrings.push_back(str);
return splittedStrings;
}
我还修复了一些错误，以便如果字符串的开头或结尾有分隔符，函数将不会返回空字符串
其他回答
对于字符串(或单个字符)分隔符，这应该非常有效。不要忘记包含#include <sstream>。
std::string input = "Alfa=,+Bravo=,+Charlie=,+Delta";
std::string delimiter = "=,+";
std::istringstream ss(input);
std::string token;
std::string::iterator it;
while(std::getline(ss, token, *(it = delimiter.begin()))) {
std::cout << token << std::endl; // Token is extracted using '='
it++;
// Skip the rest of delimiter if exists ",+"
while(it != delimiter.end() and ss.peek() == *(it)) {
it++; ss.get();
}
}
第一个while循环使用字符串分隔符的第一个字符提取一个标记。第二个while循环跳过分隔符的其余部分，停在下一个标记的开头。
下面是一个使用Boost string Algorithms库和Boost Range库将一个字符串与另一个字符串分割的示例。这个解决方案的灵感来自StringAlgo库文档，请参阅Split部分。
下面是split_with_string函数的完整程序，以及全面的测试-用godbolt试试:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/range/iterator_range.hpp>
std::vector<std::string> split_with_string(std::string_view s, std::string_view search)
{
if (search.empty()) return {std::string{s}};
std::vector<boost::iterator_range<std::string_view::iterator>> found;
boost::algorithm::ifind_all(found, s, search);
if (found.empty()) return {};
std::vector<std::string> parts;
parts.reserve(found.size() + 2); // a bit more
std::string_view::iterator part_begin = s.cbegin(), part_end;
for (auto& split_found : found)
{
// do not skip empty extracts
part_end = split_found.begin();
parts.emplace_back(part_begin, part_end);
part_begin = split_found.end();
}
if (part_end != s.end())
parts.emplace_back(part_begin, s.end());
return parts;
}
#define TEST(expr) std::cout << ((!(expr)) ? "FAIL" : "PASS") << ": " #expr "\t" << std::endl
int main()
{
auto s0 = split_with_string("adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj", "");
TEST(s0.size() == 1);
TEST(s0.front() == "adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj");
auto s1 = split_with_string("adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj", "-+");
TEST(s1.size() == 3);
TEST(s1.front() == "adsf");
TEST(s1.back() == "nvfkbdsj");
auto s2 = split_with_string("-+adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj-+", "-+");
TEST(s2.size() == 5);
TEST(s2.front() == "");
TEST(s2.back() == "");
auto s3 = split_with_string("-+adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj", "-+");
TEST(s3.size() == 4);
TEST(s3.front() == "");
TEST(s3.back() == "nvfkbdsj");
auto s4 = split_with_string("adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj-+", "-+");
TEST(s4.size() == 4);
TEST(s4.front() == "adsf");
TEST(s4.back() == "");
auto s5 = split_with_string("dbo.abc", "dbo.");
TEST(s5.size() == 2);
TEST(s5.front() == "");
TEST(s5.back() == "abc");
auto s6 = split_with_string("dbo.abc", ".");
TEST(s6.size() == 2);
TEST(s6.front() == "dbo");
TEST(s6.back() == "abc");
}
测试输出:
PASS: s0.size() == 1
PASS: s0.front() == "adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj"
PASS: s1.size() == 3
PASS: s1.front() == "adsf"
PASS: s1.back() == "nvfkbdsj"
PASS: s2.size() == 5
PASS: s2.front() == ""
PASS: s2.back() == ""
PASS: s3.size() == 4
PASS: s3.front() == ""
PASS: s3.back() == "nvfkbdsj"
PASS: s4.size() == 4
PASS: s4.front() == "adsf"
PASS: s4.back() == ""
PASS: s5.size() == 2
PASS: s5.front() == ""
PASS: s5.back() == "abc"
PASS: s6.size() == 2
PASS: s6.front() == "dbo"
PASS: s6.back() == "abc"
这是一个完整的方法，它在任何分隔符上分割字符串，并返回分割后的字符串的向量。
这是改编自ryanbwork的答案。然而，他的检查:if(token != mystring)给出错误的结果，如果你的字符串中有重复的元素。这是我对那个问题的解决方案。
vector<string> Split(string mystring, string delimiter)
{
vector<string> subStringList;
string token;
while (true)
{
size_t findfirst = mystring.find_first_of(delimiter);
if (findfirst == string::npos) //find_first_of returns npos if it couldn't find the delimiter anymore
{
subStringList.push_back(mystring); //push back the final piece of mystring
return subStringList;
}
token = mystring.substr(0, mystring.find_first_of(delimiter));
mystring = mystring.substr(mystring.find_first_of(delimiter) + 1);
subStringList.push_back(token);
}
return subStringList;
}
您可以使用std::string::find()函数来查找字符串分隔符的位置，然后使用std::string::substr()来获取一个令牌。
例子:
std::string s = "scott>=tiger";
std::string delimiter = ">=";
std::string token = s.substr(0, s.find(delimiter)); // token is "scott"
find(const string& str, size_t pos = 0)函数的作用是:返回字符串中str第一次出现的位置，如果没有找到则返回npos。 substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t n = npos)函数的作用是:返回对象的子字符串，从位置pos开始，长度npos。
如果你有多个分隔符，在你提取了一个标记之后，你可以删除它(包括分隔符)以继续后续的提取(如果你想保留原始字符串，只需使用s = s.s substr(pos + delimiter.length());):
s.erase(0, s.find(delimiter) + delimiter.length());
这样就可以轻松地循环获取每个令牌。
完整的示例
std::string s = "scott>=tiger>=mushroom";
std::string delimiter = ">=";
size_t pos = 0;
std::string token;
while ((pos = s.find(delimiter)) != std::string::npos) {
token = s.substr(0, pos);
std::cout << token << std::endl;
s.erase(0, pos + delimiter.length());
}
std::cout << s << std::endl;
输出:
scott
tiger
mushroom
对于字符串分隔符
基于字符串分隔符拆分字符串。如分割字符串“adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj-+orthdfjgh-+dfjrleih”基于字符串分隔符“-+”，输出将是{“adsf”，“qwret”，“nvfkbdsj”，“orthdfjgh”，“dfjrleih”}
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
// for string delimiter
vector<string> split (string s, string delimiter) {
size_t pos_start = 0, pos_end, delim_len = delimiter.length();
string token;
vector<string> res;
while ((pos_end = s.find (delimiter, pos_start)) != string::npos) {
token = s.substr (pos_start, pos_end - pos_start);
pos_start = pos_end + delim_len;
res.push_back (token);
}
res.push_back (s.substr (pos_start));
return res;
}
int main() {
string str = "adsf-+qwret-+nvfkbdsj-+orthdfjgh-+dfjrleih";
string delimiter = "-+";
vector<string> v = split (str, delimiter);
for (auto i : v) cout << i << endl;
return 0;
}
adsf qwret nvfkbdsj orthdfjgh dfjrleih
对于单字符分隔符
基于字符分隔符拆分字符串。例如，使用分隔符“+”分割字符串“adsf+qwer+poui+fdgh”将输出{“adsf”，“qwer”，“poui”，“fdgh”}
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<string> split (const string &s, char delim) {
vector<string> result;
stringstream ss (s);
string item;
while (getline (ss, item, delim)) {
result.push_back (item);
}
return result;
}
int main() {
string str = "adsf+qwer+poui+fdgh";
vector<string> v = split (str, '+');
for (auto i : v) cout << i << endl;
return 0;
}
adsf qwer poui fdgh
