在Swift 4中以编程方式从nib/xib加载视图:

// Load a view from a Nib given a placeholder view subclass
//      Placeholder is an instance of the view to load.  Placeholder is discarded.
//      If no name is provided, the Nib name is the same as the subclass type name
//
public func loadViewFromNib<T>(placeholder placeholderView: T, name givenNibName: String? = nil) -> T {

    let nib = loadNib(givenNibName, placeholder: placeholderView)
    return instantiateView(fromNib: nib, placeholder: placeholderView)
}

// Step 1: Returns a Nib
//
public func loadNib<T>(_ givenNibName: String? = nil, placeholder placeholderView: T) -> UINib {
    //1. Load and unarchive nib file
    let nibName = givenNibName ?? String(describing: type(of: placeholderView))

    let nib = UINib(nibName: nibName, bundle: Bundle.main)
    return nib
}

// Step 2: Instantiate a view given a nib
//
public func instantiateView<T>(fromNib nib: UINib, placeholder placeholderView: T) -> T {
    //1. Get top level objects
    let topLevelObjects = nib.instantiate(withOwner: placeholderView, options: nil)

    //2. Have at least one top level object
    guard let firstObject = topLevelObjects.first else {
        fatalError("\(#function): no top level objects in nib")
    }

    //3. Return instantiated view, placeholderView is not used
    let instantiatedView = firstObject as! T
    return instantiatedView
}

@AVeryDev

6)将加载的视图附加到视图控制器的视图:

[self.view addSubview:myViewFromNib];

据推测，有必要将其从视图中删除以避免内存泄漏。

澄清一下:视图控制器有几个iboutlet，其中一些连接到原始nib文件中的项(像往常一样)，一些连接到加载的nib中的项。两个nib都有相同的所有者类。加载的视图覆盖了原始视图。

提示:在加载的笔尖中设置主视图的不透明度为零，那么它将不会从原始笔尖中模糊项目。

这是一件应该比较容易的事情。我最终扩展了UIViewController并添加了一个loadNib:inPlaceholder: selector。现在我可以说

self.mySubview = (MyView *)[self loadNib:@"MyView" inPlaceholder:mySubview];

下面是这个类别的代码(它和Gonso描述的一样):

@interface UIViewController (nibSubviews)

- (UIView *)viewFromNib:(NSString *)nibName;
- (UIView *)loadNib:(NSString *)nibName inPlaceholder:(UIView *)placeholder;

@end

@implementation UIViewController (nibSubviews)

- (UIView *)viewFromNib:(NSString *)nibName
{
  NSArray *xib = [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:nibName owner:self options:nil]; 
  for (id view in xib) { // have to iterate; index varies
    if ([view isKindOfClass:[UIView class]]) return view;
  }
  return nil;
}

- (UIView *)loadNib:(NSString *)nibName inPlaceholder:(UIView *)placeholder
{
  UIView *nibView = [self viewFromNib:nibName];
  [nibView setFrame:placeholder.frame];
  [self.view insertSubview:nibView aboveSubview:placeholder];
  [placeholder removeFromSuperview];
  return nibView;
}

@end

最短的版本:

RSFavoritePlaceholderView *favoritePlaceholderView = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"RSFavoritePlaceholderView" owner:self options:nil] firstObject];

没有一个答案解释如何创建独立的XIB，这是这个问题的根源。Xcode 4没有“创建新的XIB文件”选项。

要做到这一点

1) Choose "New File..."
2) Choose the "User Interface" category under the iOS section
3) Choose the "View" item
4) You will then be prompted to choose an iPhone or iPad format

这看起来很简单，但它可以为您节省几分钟的时间，因为“XIB”这个词没有出现在任何地方。

你不应该在Interface Builder中将视图控制器的类设置为UIView的子类。这肯定是你的部分问题。保留它为UIViewController，它的子类，或者其他自定义类。

As for loading only a view from a xib, I was under the assumption that you had to have some sort of view controller (even if it doesn't extend UIViewController, which may be too heavyweight for your needs) set as the File's Owner in Interface Builder if you want to use it to define your interface. I did a little research to confirm this as well. This is because otherwise there would be no way to access any of the interface elements in the UIView, nor would there be a way to have your own methods in code be triggered by events.

If you use a UIViewController as your File's Owner for your views, you can just use initWithNibName:bundle: to load it and get the view controller object back. In IB, make sure you set the view outlet to the view with your interface in the xib. If you use some other type of object as your File's Owner, you'll need to use NSBundle's loadNibNamed:owner:options: method to load the nib, passing an instance of File's Owner to the method. All its properties will be set properly according to the outlets you define in IB.