def check_duplicates(my_list):
    seen = {}
    for item in my_list:
        if seen.get(item):
            return True
        seen[item] = True
    return False

另一种简洁的方法是使用Counter。

要确定原始列表中是否有重复项:

from collections import Counter

def has_dupes(l):
    # second element of the tuple has number of repetitions
    return Counter(l).most_common()[0][1] > 1

或者获取重复项的列表:

def get_dupes(l):
    return [k for k, v in Counter(l).items() if v > 1]

一个更简单的解决方案如下。只需用pandas . replicated()方法检查True/False，然后取sum。请参阅pandas. series . replicated - pandas 0.24.1文档

import pandas as pd

def has_duplicated(l):
    return pd.Series(l).duplicated().sum() > 0

print(has_duplicated(['one', 'two', 'one']))
# True
print(has_duplicated(['one', 'two', 'three']))
# False

如果您喜欢函数式编程风格，这里有一个有用的函数，使用doctest自文档和测试代码。

def decompose(a_list):
    """Turns a list into a set of all elements and a set of duplicated elements.

    Returns a pair of sets. The first one contains elements
    that are found at least once in the list. The second one
    contains elements that appear more than once.

    >>> decompose([1,2,3,5,3,2,6])
    (set([1, 2, 3, 5, 6]), set([2, 3]))
    """
    return reduce(
        lambda (u, d), o : (u.union([o]), d.union(u.intersection([o]))),
        a_list,
        (set(), set()))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

从这里你可以通过检查返回对的第二个元素是否为空来测试唯一性:

def is_set(l):
    """Test if there is no duplicate element in l.

    >>> is_set([1,2,3])
    True
    >>> is_set([1,2,1])
    False
    >>> is_set([])
    True
    """
    return not decompose(l)[1]

注意，这并不有效，因为您是显式地构造分解。但是在使用reduce的过程中，你可以得到一些等价的(但效率稍低)答案5:

def is_set(l):
    try:
        def func(s, o):
            if o in s:
                raise Exception
            return s.union([o])
        reduce(func, l, set())
        return True
    except:
        return False

我真的不知道布景的幕后是做什么的，所以我只想让它简单。

def dupes(num_list):
    unique = []
    dupes = []
    for i in num_list:
        if i not in unique:
            unique.append(i)
        else:
            dupes.append(i)
    if len(dupes) != 0:
        return False
    else:
        return True

我发现这是最好的性能，因为当它发现第一个复制时，它会短路操作，那么这个算法的时间和空间复杂度为O(n)，其中n是列表的长度:

def has_duplicated_elements(iterable):
    """ Given an `iterable`, return True if there are duplicated entries. """
    clean_elements_set = set()
    clean_elements_set_add = clean_elements_set.add

    for possible_duplicate_element in iterable:

        if possible_duplicate_element in clean_elements_set:
            return True

        else:
            clean_elements_set_add( possible_duplicate_element )

    return False